Study Data · Part 5 · Indicator Deep-Dive Analysis

I or my management discussed data alteration with the client

Indicator C201 · By Phil Hatch · Akholi · October 9, 2026

Indicator Specification

Table 1. Indicator specificationTable
FieldValue
Indicator codeC201
Question as askedI or my management discussed data alteration with the client
Failure categoryNot one of the 100 rated indicators
Place in the surveyChallenge Deep Dive > 5.6 Alterations > Client Data
Indicator classRespondent level
Indicator typeYes or no
Response scaleLevels: Yes, No
Answering base366 of 850 respondents gave one of the listed answers. 413 answered, counting I do not know and I prefer to not answer, across 127 of 150 engagements
Non-answersI do not know 30, I prefer to not answer 17, blank 437
Written responses addressing the indicator109 responses from 105 respondents on 69 engagements (108 primary, 1 secondary)

Summary of Findings

Table 2. Key results: association of the indicator with the four study measuresTable
MeasureEffect sizenValuep
Cancellation rateNot tested: fewer than two levels of 10 or more engagements
Customer satisfactionNot tested: fewer than two levels of 10 or more engagements
Engagement indicator meanNot tested: fewer than two levels of 10 or more engagements
Intent to leaveNot tested: fewer than two levels of 10 or more engagements

Of the 366 respondents who answered, 3 (0.82%) answered True and 363 (99.18%) answered False. No association with the study measures was tested, because fewer than two answers were assigned to at least ten engagements.

The share answering True did not differ by any segment family after Holm correction.

Of the 109 written responses, 96 were negative. At least 53 of the 96 negative responses said the financial institution was not told, or that the alteration stayed within the vendor team. Eleven responses said the financial institution had been told, had asked for the corrections or had been shown them.

Distribution of Responses

Table 3. Distribution of responses, respondent levelTable
AnswerRespondentsShare of answered (base 366)Cumulative shareEngagements with at least oneShare of 150 engagementsDistressed
Yes30.82%0.82%32.00%Not applicable
No36399.18%100.00%12080.00%Not applicable
I do not know30Not in baseNot in base1510.00%Not applicable
I prefer to not answer17Not in baseNot in base1711.33%Not applicable
Answered, total366100.00%12180.67%

Of the 366 respondents who answered, 3 (0.82%) answered True and 363 (99.18%) answered False. The non-answers were I do not know (30) and I prefer to not answer (17). Each engagement was assigned the answer given by the largest number of its respondents. No engagement was assigned True, and False was the assigned answer on 114 engagements, “I do not know” on 6, “I prefer to not answer” on 3, and 27 engagements were tied or unanswered and carry no assigned answer.

Coverage and Origin of Written Responses

Figure 1. Written responses addressing the indicator, by question answered and written score (n = 109 responses)Exhibit
026.8853.7680.64107.52C204 (primary)6920C202 (primary)C210 (primary)C156 (secondary)−10 Strongly negative−5 Negative0 Neutral+5 Positive+10 Strongly positive
Note: Each bar is one survey question. C204, C202 and C210 are the written-answer questions of the indicator's survey section, so their responses are primary. The responses to every other question are secondary. Segments wide enough to hold a label carry their count. C204 asked: “Comment” C202 asked: “Why did you alter client provided data?” C210 asked: “Comment” C156 asked: “Add any comments on the joint management of this engagement that the ratings in this section do not capture.”
Table 4. Written responses by originTable
OriginResponsesRespondentsEngagementsNegativeStrongest negative (−10)PositiveMean written score
Primary1081046895 of 108 (87.96%)73 of 108 (67.59%)8 of 108 (7.41%)−7.4
Secondary1111 of 10 of 10 of 1‡
All responses1091056996 of 109 (88.07%)73 of 109 (66.97%)8 of 109 (7.34%)−7.3
Note: ‡ Base under 10. No statistic is reported.

The primary responses numbered 108, written in answer to C204, C202 and C210, the written-answer questions of the indicator's survey section. The remaining 1 responses, 0.92% of the total, were secondary and came from 1 other questions. That secondary share ranked 8th from the highest among the 13 Part 5 indicators with 30 or more written responses, against a median of 2.00%. Respondents who wrote both a primary and a secondary response numbered 0. Negative responses made up 87.96% of primary responses (95 of 108) and 1 of the 1 secondary responses.

In 53 of the 96 negative responses, the respondent said the financial institution was not told, or that the alteration stayed within the team. In 52, the team lead or manager was told or knew, and several said the lead was told and not the financial institution. Some respondents gave a reason: the financial institution would blame the vendor for its own data, nothing had been fixed after earlier reports, or raising each case would leave no time for the work.

Eleven responses said the financial institution had been told directly or in writing, had asked the team to clean the data, had been shown the reconciliation on a call, or had agreed a formal step for data exceptions with its platform owner. Two more said the respondent thought the financial institution was aware without having been told, and six said the respondent did not know whether it was told.

Distribution of Written Sentiment

Figure 2. Distribution of written sentiment (n = 109 responses)Exhibit
0%25%50%75%100%−10 Strongly negative73 (66.97%)−5 Negative23 (21.10%)0 Neutral5 (4.59%)+5 Positive7 (6.42%)+10 Strongly positive1 (0.92%)Share of responses
Note: Column height is the share of the 109 responses. Labels give the count and the share.
Table 5. Summary statistics of written sentimentTable
StatisticValueBasis
Mean written score−7.395% CI −8.3 to −6.2, cluster bootstrap by engagement, 10,000 draws, n = 109 responses
Median written score−10.0n = 109 responses
Negative responses96 of 109 (88.07%)95% CI 80.77% to 94.44% of 109 responses, cluster bootstrap by engagement
Strongest negative responses (−10)73 of 109 (66.97%)Statements of totality, constancy or serious harm
Positive responses8 of 109 (7.34%)+5 or +10
Net balance−80.73 percentage pointsShare positive minus share negative, base 109 responses
Respondent-level mean−7.4Mean of each respondent's own mean written score, n = 105 respondents

Of the 109 responses, 96 (88.07%, 95% CI 80.77% to 94.44%) were negative and 73 (66.97%) carried the strongest negative score of −10. Positive responses numbered 8 (7.34%), and 5 were neutral. The mean written score was −7.3 (95% CI −8.3 to −6.2, n = 109 responses), and the median was −10.0.

Descriptive Statistics by Segment

Table 6. Descriptive statistics by segmentTable
SegmentBaseAnsweredAnswer rateEngagementsYes, shareNo, share
Study set85036643.06% of 8501270.82%99.18%
Outsourcing model
CXM23210846.55% of 232340.93%99.07%
ITO2449438.52% of 244320.00%100.00%
BPO2098540.67% of 209330.00%100.00%
KPO1657947.88% of 165282.53%97.47%
Institution type
Asset management1326146.21% of 132220.00%100.00%
Wealth management and private banking1405841.43% of 140190.00%100.00%
Investment banking (advisory and capital-markets origination)1055148.57% of 105180.00%100.00%
Insurance (life, property and casualty, health)783038.46% of 78133.33%96.67%
Commercial and business banking823036.59% of 82100.00%100.00%
Payments and merchant acquiring (networks, acquiring, processing)713143.66% of 71100.00%100.00%
Credit card and payments issuing733750.68% of 73110.00%100.00%
Retail and consumer banking733243.84% of 7390.00%100.00%
Markets and trading (sales and trading, global markets)572442.11% of 57104.17%95.83%
Private equity and private capital391230.77% of 3958.33%91.67%
Process family
Corporate and back-office functions24811847.58% of 248420.85%99.15%
Technology engineering and operations2048139.71% of 204270.00%100.00%
Client servicing and communications944547.87% of 94140.00%100.00%
Trade, settlement and reconciliation803341.25% of 80140.00%100.00%
Payments, cards and disputes732534.25% of 73100.00%100.00%
Credit, underwriting and suitability572340.35% of 5770.00%100.00%
Regulatory, audit, tax and legal512141.18% of 5174.76%95.24%
Financial crime and client onboarding432046.51% of 4365.00%95.00%
Class of work
LOB Operational45118340.58% of 451631.09%98.91%
Corporate Functional39918345.86% of 399640.55%99.45%
Engagement status and lifecycle stage
Active, Build-Out1756134.86% of 175280.00%100.00%
Active, Transition/Cut-Over2508032.00% of 250331.25%98.75%
Active, Production1033634.95% of 103110.00%100.00%
Canceled32218958.70% of 322551.06%98.94%
Respondent role
Individual Contributor66736354.42% of 6671270.00%100.00%
Engagement Manager15032.00% of 150330
Portfolio Director3100.00% of 31000
Customer Management Executive200 of 2000
Vendor type
IT services major31612037.97% of 316480.83%99.17%
BPO specialist1988743.94% of 198311.15%98.85%
Consulting firm1175547.01% of 117210.00%100.00%
Boutique or specialist provider874045.98% of 87160.00%100.00%
Pure-play agentic AI firm752837.33% of 75113.57%96.43%
Not reported, recovered by engagement573663.16% of 57320.00%100.00%

Each share is computed on the respondents who answered in that row. Rows with fewer than 10 respondents report counts only.

Tests of Difference Between Segments

Table 7. Tests of difference between segmentsTable
Segment familyUnitChi-squaredfpHolm pCramer's VTest for pLevels excluded
Outsourcing modelEngagementaNone
Institution typeEngagementbc
Process familyEngagementbd
Class of workEngagementaNone
Engagement status and lifecycle stageEngagementaNone
Respondent roleRespondentbEngagement Manager, n = 3, Portfolio Director, n = 0, Customer Management Executive, n = 0
Vendor typeRespondent3.8150.5650.5650.10Monte Carlo, simulatedNone
Note: a Not tested: fewer than two levels on one side of the table. b Not tested: fewer than two levels of 10 or more engagements. c Levels excluded: Commercial and business banking, n = 7, Retail and consumer banking, n = 9, Markets and trading (sales and trading, global markets), n = 7, Private equity and private capital, n = 4. d Levels excluded: Payments, cards and disputes, n = 9, Credit, underwriting and suitability, n = 6, Regulatory, audit, tax and legal, n = 6, Financial crime and client onboarding, n = 5.

Segment families recorded at engagement level were tested on engagements, and respondent role and vendor type on respondents. The share answering True did not differ by any segment family after Holm correction.

Written Sentiment by Segment

Figure 3. Written sentiment by engagement status and lifecycle stage, share of each group's responsesExhibit
0%25%50%75%100%All responses (n = 109)67.0%21.1%Active, Build-Out (n = 16)43.8%37.5%12.5%Active, Transition/Cut-Over (n = 22)54.5%31.8%Active, Production (n = 7)6 of 71 of 7Canceled (n = 64)75.0%14.1%−10 Strongly negative−5 Negative0 Neutral+5 Positive+10 Strongly positive
Note: Each bar is the whole of its group's responses, divided by written score from −10 at the left to +10 at the right. Segments large enough to hold a label carry their share.
Table 8. Written sentiment by segmentTable
SegmentResponsesRespondentsEngagementsMean written scoreNegativeStrongest negative (−10)
Engagement status and lifecycle stage
Active, Build-Out161612−5.913 of 16 (81.25%)7 of 16 (43.75%)
Active, Transition/Cut-Over222116−6.419 of 22 (86.36%)12 of 22 (54.55%)
Active, Production765‡7 of 76 of 7
Canceled646236−7.857 of 64 (89.06%)48 of 64 (75.00%)
Respondent role
Individual Contributor10310067−7.893 of 103 (90.29%)73 of 103 (70.87%)
Engagement Manager433‡2 of 40 of 4
Portfolio Director222‡1 of 20 of 2
Customer Management Executive000No responses
Note: ‡ Base under 10. No statistic is reported.

Written sentiment did not differ by engagement status and lifecycle stage across the 69 engagements with a written response (Kruskal-Wallis H 2.81, df 3, p = 0.421). Of the groups with 10 or more responses, responses from canceled engagements were the most negative (mean −7.8, 64 responses) and responses from active engagements in Build-Out the least negative (mean −5.9, 16 responses). Responses from active engagements in Production (7) are reported as counts only.

No test across respondent roles was run, because fewer than two roles had 30 or more written responses. Individual contributors wrote 103 responses, engagement managers 4 and portfolio directors 2.

Association with Cancellation Rate

Cancellation rate is the share of engagements canceled by the study date, measured at engagement level (150 engagements, 56 canceled). Canceled engagements were rated after cancellation. The association is therefore a descriptive contrast and not a forecast of cancellation. Each test compares the engagements by their assigned answer, within the study set and within each segment.

Table 9. Association with cancellation rate by answer levelTable
Answer levelEngagementsCanceledCancellation rate
Yes0No engagements
No1144942.98%
I do not know63‡
I prefer to not answer31‡
Note: ‡ Base under 10. No statistic is reported.
Table 10. Association with cancellation rate, tests across answer levels by segmentTable
SegmentEngagementsChi-squaredfpHolm pCramer's VTest for p
Study set123a
Outsourcing model
CXM32a
ITO32a
BPO32a
KPO27a
Institution type
Asset management22a
Wealth management and private banking19a
Investment banking (advisory and capital-markets origination)18a
Insurance (life, property and casualty, health)12a
Commercial and business banking9‡
Payments and merchant acquiring (networks, acquiring, processing)10a
Credit card and payments issuing10a
Retail and consumer banking9‡
Markets and trading (sales and trading, global markets)9‡
Private equity and private capital5‡
Process family
Corporate and back-office functions41a
Technology engineering and operations27a
Client servicing and communications13a
Trade, settlement and reconciliation14a
Payments, cards and disputes9‡
Credit, underwriting and suitability6‡
Regulatory, audit, tax and legal7‡
Financial crime and client onboarding6‡
Class of work
LOB Operational60a
Corporate Functional63a
Engagement status and lifecycle stage
Active, Build-Outb
Active, Transition/Cut-Overb
Active, Productionb
Canceledb
Note: ‡ Base under 10. No statistic is reported. a Not tested: fewer than two levels of 10 or more engagements. b Not tested: no variation in cancellation.

Of the engagements assigned False, 49 of 114 were canceled. No test was computed, because fewer than two answers were assigned to at least ten engagements.

Association with Customer Satisfaction

Customer satisfaction is the percentage recorded against each engagement. The primary estimate uses the 94 active engagements.

Table 11. Association with customer satisfaction by answer levelTable
Answer levelEngagementsMean of the measureSD
Yes0No engagements
No6561.410.4
I do not know3‡
I prefer to not answer2‡
Note: ‡ Base under 10. No statistic is reported.
Table 12. Association with customer satisfaction, tests across answer levels by segmentTable
SegmentEngagementsWelch FdfpHolm pOmega squared90% CI
Study set70a
Outsourcing model
CXM18a
ITO18a
BPO19a
KPO15a
Institution type
Asset management9‡
Wealth management and private banking12a
Investment banking (advisory and capital-markets origination)9‡
Insurance (life, property and casualty, health)7‡
Commercial and business banking6‡
Payments and merchant acquiring (networks, acquiring, processing)7‡
Credit card and payments issuing6‡
Retail and consumer banking5‡
Markets and trading (sales and trading, global markets)6‡
Private equity and private capital3‡
Process family
Corporate and back-office functions22a
Technology engineering and operations17a
Client servicing and communications5‡
Trade, settlement and reconciliation6‡
Payments, cards and disputes8‡
Credit, underwriting and suitability5‡
Regulatory, audit, tax and legal4‡
Financial crime and client onboarding3‡
Class of work
LOB Operational33a
Corporate Functional37a
Engagement status and lifecycle stage
Active, Build-Out27a
Active, Transition/Cut-Over32a
Active, Production11a
Canceledb
Note: ‡ Base under 10. No statistic is reported. a Not tested: fewer than two levels of 10 or more engagements. b Not tested: canceled engagements fall outside the active population.

Among active engagements, customer satisfaction was 61.4% (n = 65 engagements) where respondents most often answered False. No test was computed, because fewer than two answers were assigned to at least ten engagements.

Association with the Engagement Indicator Mean

The engagement indicator mean is the mean of an engagement's ratings across the rated indicators, measured at engagement level. The indicator is not a rated indicator and does not enter the mean.

Table 13. Association with the engagement indicator mean by answer levelTable
Answer levelEngagementsMean of the measureSD
Yes0No engagements
No1143.71.3
I do not know6‡
I prefer to not answer3‡
Note: ‡ Base under 10. No statistic is reported.
Table 14. Association with the engagement indicator mean, tests across answer levels by segmentTable
SegmentEngagementsWelch FdfpHolm pOmega squared90% CI
Study set123a
Outsourcing model
CXM32a
ITO32a
BPO32a
KPO27a
Institution type
Asset management22a
Wealth management and private banking19a
Investment banking (advisory and capital-markets origination)18a
Insurance (life, property and casualty, health)12a
Commercial and business banking9‡
Payments and merchant acquiring (networks, acquiring, processing)10a
Credit card and payments issuing10a
Retail and consumer banking9‡
Markets and trading (sales and trading, global markets)9‡
Private equity and private capital5‡
Process family
Corporate and back-office functions41a
Technology engineering and operations27a
Client servicing and communications13a
Trade, settlement and reconciliation14a
Payments, cards and disputes9‡
Credit, underwriting and suitability6‡
Regulatory, audit, tax and legal7‡
Financial crime and client onboarding6‡
Class of work
LOB Operational60a
Corporate Functional63a
Engagement status and lifecycle stage
Active, Build-Out27a
Active, Transition/Cut-Over32a
Active, Production11a
Canceled53a
Note: ‡ Base under 10. No statistic is reported. a Not tested: fewer than two levels of 10 or more engagements.

The engagement indicator mean was 3.7 (n = 114 engagements) where respondents most often answered False. No test was computed, because fewer than two answers were assigned to at least ten engagements.

Association with Intent to Leave

Intent to leave is the answer to C019, “How likely are you to leave your current job in the next 12 months?”, rated 1 to 10 by up to 798 respondents. For the indicator, the comparison uses the mean intent to leave of each engagement.

Table 15. Association with intent to leave by answer levelTable
Answer levelEngagementsMean of the measureSD
Yes0No engagements
No1147.12.3
I do not know6‡
I prefer to not answer3‡
Note: ‡ Base under 10. No statistic is reported.
Table 16. Association with intent to leave, tests across answer levels by segmentTable
SegmentEngagementsWelch FdfpHolm pOmega squared90% CI
Study set123a
Outsourcing model
CXM32a
ITO32a
BPO32a
KPO27a
Institution type
Asset management22a
Wealth management and private banking19a
Investment banking (advisory and capital-markets origination)18a
Insurance (life, property and casualty, health)12a
Commercial and business banking9‡
Payments and merchant acquiring (networks, acquiring, processing)10a
Credit card and payments issuing10a
Retail and consumer banking9‡
Markets and trading (sales and trading, global markets)9‡
Private equity and private capital5‡
Process family
Corporate and back-office functions41a
Technology engineering and operations27a
Client servicing and communications13a
Trade, settlement and reconciliation14a
Payments, cards and disputes9‡
Credit, underwriting and suitability6‡
Regulatory, audit, tax and legal7‡
Financial crime and client onboarding6‡
Class of work
LOB Operational60a
Corporate Functional63a
Engagement status and lifecycle stage
Active, Build-Out27a
Active, Transition/Cut-Over32a
Active, Production11a
Canceled53a
Note: ‡ Base under 10. No statistic is reported. a Not tested: fewer than two levels of 10 or more engagements.

The engagement mean of intent to leave was 7.1 (n = 114 engagements) where respondents most often answered False. No test was computed, because fewer than two answers were assigned to at least ten engagements.

Association of Written Sentiment with the Study Measures

Table 17. Written sentiment and the study measuresTable
ComparisonWith a negative responseWithout a negative responseTestStatisticnp
Cancellation rate, engagements33 of 64 (51.56%)23 of 86 (26.74%)Fisher exact1500.002
Customer satisfaction, active engagements58.03%, n = 3167.08%, n = 63Welch t−3.7994< 0.001
Engagement mean written score and cancellation, engagementsPoint-biserial r−0.04690.740
Respondent mean written score and intent to leave, respondentsSpearman rho−0.3892< 0.001

Two comparisons set the engagements with at least one negative response against all other engagements. Of the 86 other engagements, 81 had no written response addressing the indicator. These two comparisons therefore do not isolate written sentiment. Of the 64 engagements with a negative response, 33 (51.56%) were canceled, against 23 of the 86 other engagements (26.74%). The difference reached significance (Fisher exact p = 0.002). Customer satisfaction among active engagements differed between the two groups (mean 58.03% on 31 engagements against 67.08% on 63, Welch t −3.79, p < 0.001).

Two correlations test written sentiment directly. Across the 69 engagements with a written response, the engagement mean written score was not associated with cancellation (point-biserial r −0.04, p = 0.740). Across 92 respondents, a more negative respondent mean written score came with higher intent to leave (Spearman rho −0.38, p < 0.001). Of the four comparisons, three reached significance at 0.05.

Comparison of Associations Across the Four Measures

Table 18. Associations across the four measuresTable
MeasureEffect sizenValuepEquivalent to zeroRank among the four
Cancellation rateNot tested: fewer than two levels of 10 or more engagements
Customer satisfactionNot tested: fewer than two levels of 10 or more engagements
Engagement indicator meanNot tested: fewer than two levels of 10 or more engagements
Intent to leaveNot tested: fewer than two levels of 10 or more engagements

Fewer than two associations were tested, so no comparison across the measures applies.

Clustering and Effective Sample Size

Table 19. Clustering and effective sample sizeTable
StatisticValueReading
Clusters (engagements)127Engagements with one or more answers.
Mean respondents per engagement3.3Answers per engagement, among engagements with one or more answers.
ICC(1)0.46Share of the variance that lies between engagements.
Design effect2.03One plus the product of the ICC and the mean cluster size less one.
Nominal respondent n413Every answer, with “I do not know” and “I prefer to not answer” counted as levels, as in the plurality rule.
Effective n203Nominal n divided by the design effect.
Cluster bootstrap appliedYesApplied to every respondent-level interval where the ICC is 0.05 or above.

Answers clustered within engagements (ICC 0.46). Clustering reduced the 413 respondent answers to the equivalent of about 203 independent answers. Respondent-level intervals therefore used the cluster bootstrap. Respondent-level tests used standard errors that allow for clustering by engagement.

Equivalence Tests of Null Results

Table 20. Equivalence tests of null resultsTable
MeasurenOmega squaredEquivalence boundEquivalence pEquivalent to zeroAchieved powerMDE at power 0.80
Cancellation ratea
Customer satisfactiona
Engagement indicator meana
Intent to leavea
Note: a Not tested: fewer than two levels of 10 or more engagements.

No association was tested, so no equivalence test applies. The equivalence bound is an omega squared of 0.090, the study's threshold for a negligible association expressed as variance explained.

Robustness Checks

Table 21. Robustness checksTable
CheckMeasurePrimary pCheck pCheck statisticConclusion holds
Kruskal-Wallis in place of Welch FCustomer satisfactionNot computedNot computedNot computedNot computed
Kruskal-Wallis in place of Welch FEngagement indicator meanNot computedNot computedNot computedNot computed
Kruskal-Wallis in place of Welch FIntent to leaveNot computedNot computedNot computedNot computed
Active engagements onlyEngagement indicator meanNot computedNot computedNot computedNot computed
Active engagements onlyIntent to leaveNot computedNot computedNot computedNot computed
Respondent level, cluster-robust Wald F by engagementCancellation rateNot computed0.5830.30Not computed
Respondent level, cluster-robust Wald F by engagementCustomer satisfactionNot computed0.0932.86Not computed
Respondent level, cluster-robust Wald F by engagementEngagement indicator meanNot computed0.0723.30Not computed
Respondent level, cluster-robust Wald F by engagementIntent to leaveNot computed0.2011.65Not computed

No robustness check could be computed, because no primary test was computed.

Measure Independence and Part-Whole Correction

Each of the four measures was computed from data the indicator does not contain. Each result is therefore a finding and not an arithmetic consequence.

Comparison with the Study Norm

A categorical indicator has no signed correlation with the study measures and therefore no profile against the study norm. The comparison by answer appears in the four association sections.

Comparison of Written Sentiment with Other Part 5 Indicators

Figure 4. Share of negative written responses, Part 5 indicators with 30 or more written responses (n = 13 indicators)Exhibit
0%25%50%75%100%C052C053C209C205C203C199C211C201C213C207C212C200C206Share of negative responsesMedian of the 13 indicators
Note: Each column is one indicator, ordered from the highest share of negative responses. The indicator is the amber column. The dashed line marks the median share, 98.03%.

Among the 13 Part 5 indicators with 30 or more written responses, the indicator's share of negative responses, 88.07%, ranked 8th from the highest, against a median of 98.03%. Its mean written score, −7.3, ranked 4th from the most negative, against a median of −6.3.

Co-Occurring Indicators and Themes

Figure 5. Other indicators and themes in the same written responses (n = 109 responses)Exhibit
023.5247.0470.5694.08C20084 (77.06%)C19974 (67.89%)Theme: Financial institution was nottold70 (64.22%)Theme: Told vendor-side management63 (57.80%)Theme: Occurs every cycle or most days54 (49.54%)C09443 (39.45%)Theme: Told nobody20 (18.35%)Theme: Stated periodic rate16 (14.68%)C20314 (12.84%)C10910 (9.17%)Other indicatorsThemes
Note: Themes carry no score. Labels give the count and the share of the 109 responses. The figure shows each indicator and each theme among the five most frequent of its kind, with every tie at the cut. C200: “I discussed the data alteration with internal management” C199: “I have altered client-provided data” C094: “Rate the quality of the customer's data across the systems this engagement depends on.” C203: “My greater team regularly alters client provided data.” C109: “Rate how quickly the customer responds when this engagement raises issues that need customer action.” Emotional states in the same responses, as counts: resigned 13, calm or fine 9, tired 9, frustrated 3, proud 1, stressed 1.

The indicator most often present in the same responses was C200, “I discussed the data alteration with internal management”, in 84 of the 109 responses (77.06%). C199, “I have altered client-provided data” (74 responses), C094, “Rate the quality of the customer's data across the systems this engagement depends on.” (43 responses), C203, “My greater team regularly alters client provided data.” (14 responses) and C109, “Rate how quickly the customer responds when this engagement raises issues that need customer action.” (10 responses) followed.

The most frequent theme was “Financial institution was not told”, in 70 responses (64.22%). The second was “Told vendor-side management”, in 63 responses.

Interpretation of the Data

Of the respondents who answered, 0.82% said they or their management had discussed the data alteration with the financial institution (three of 366). No engagement was assigned the answer True, so no association with the study measures could be tested.

The written evidence matches the answers. Respondents described data altered as routine work, discussed within the vendor team and with the team lead, and seldom raised with the financial institution. The few exceptions describe a financial institution that asked for the corrections or agreed a formal step for them.

Limitations

The evidence is the reported experience of the vendor's delivery teams, collected in a single cross-section. The associations reported here are not causal. The answer is the respondent's own report of an alteration and not a record of it.

Each engagement carries the answer given by the largest number of its respondents, and tied engagements are excluded from the engagement-level tests.

Shares of written sentiment are shares of responses and not of the study set of respondents. The written score takes five fixed values, so its mean and median are coarse. Responses clustered within engagements (109 responses on 69 engagements). Intervals for written sentiment therefore used a bootstrap by engagement.

The written responses are counted by sets of words stated in each rule. A response that described a practice in other words is not counted, so each count is a floor.

With three respondents answering True, the indicator supports a description of how rarely the alteration was discussed and no comparison by answer.

Definitions

Table 22. DefinitionsTable
TermDefinition
Response scaleThe answer is True or False to the statement shown in the indicator specification. The indicator is not a rating. No distressed range applies.
Answering baseRespondents who answered True or False.
Non-answers“I do not know” and “I prefer to not answer” are counted separately. They are excluded from the answering base and from the shares.
Indicator classRespondent level: a report of the respondent's own action. Each engagement also carries the answer given by the largest number of its respondents, for the engagement-level tests.
Failure categoryThe five failure categories of the Study Taxonomy apply only to the rated indicators. The indicator carries none.
Engagement indicator meanThe mean of an engagement's ratings across the rated indicators. The indicator does not enter it.
Written responseA written answer about the respondent's own engagement that addresses the indicator. Non-answers and answers about another engagement are excluded.
Primary and secondaryA primary response answered the written-answer question of the indicator's survey section. A secondary response answered a question in another section and addressed the indicator in its content.
Written sentiment scoreEach written response carries one of five scores: −10, −5, neutral, +5 or +10. The sign records whether the response described the state of the indicator as harmful or helpful to the engagement. The magnitude records its strength. A score of −10 marks a statement of totality, constancy or serious harm.
Cluster bootstrapAn interval computed by resampling engagements rather than responses, so that the responses from one engagement stay together.

Sources and Provenance

Table 23. Sources and provenanceTable
SourceValue
Study dataStudy Data.xlsx, Data sheet, column C201, sha256 219eba0457274d04
Statistics enginecompute_statistics.py, sha256 738319eef764602b
Statistics recordComputed Statistics.json, record C201, sha256 1ae50a3637fc9370
ComputedOctober 13, 2026, 04:57 UTC
TemplateIndicator Template v2, version 2.0 of 10 October 2026
Figures placed by script781
Written responsesQuotes Master.jsonl, sha256 27da38085e2b13fd
Written sentiment scoresQuote Coding Rulebook, version 0.6, with section 21
Written-response computationqa_stats.py, sha256 74a61f3a96169da9. wfacts.py, sha256 b85fae20adf812a1. build_indicator.py, sha256 c7b10c57927ea734
Written-response recordsC201.qa.json, sha256 b95d7d459b9d7129. C201.wfacts.json, sha256 b4b6d4b507fe5a30. Hand-written text handcraft/C201.json, sha256 141dd757831b7f06

Continue the report

Executive summary →
Overview

Executive Summary

Four findings from 150 engagements

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Introduction

Introduction

Scope, evidence, and how the report is organized

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Part 1

Engagement Outcomes

Poor results on every measure, and what separates them

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Part 2

The Five Failure Categories

Where failure concentrates, category by category

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Part 3

Governance, Oversight, and Control

Controls that existed in name only

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Part 4

The Delivery Workforce

Early in their careers, dissatisfied, and many intending to leave

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Part 5

Manual Alteration

How the delivery team altered the work to sustain it

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Part 6

Executive Action Plan

Seven immediate actions and a first-year plan

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Appendices

Appendices

Definitions, indicator inventory, method, and disclosures

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Data

Study Data

Deep-dive analyses of the study indicators, published in stages

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