Study Data · Part 5 · Indicator Deep-Dive Analysis

My greater team regularly alters AI outputs

Indicator C215 · By Phil Hatch · Akholi · October 9, 2026

Indicator Specification

Table 1. Indicator specificationTable
FieldValue
Indicator codeC215
Question as askedMy greater team regularly alters AI outputs.
Failure categoryNot one of the 100 rated indicators
Place in the surveyChallenge Deep Dive > 5.6 Alterations > AI Output
Indicator classRespondent level
Indicator typeDirectional, DIR
Response scale1 to 10, with no good or bad end
Answering base665 of 850 respondents, across 150 of 150 engagements
Non-answersI do not know 87, I prefer to not answer 33, blank 65
Written responses addressing the indicator23 responses from 23 respondents on 20 engagements (20 primary, 3 secondary)

Summary of Findings

Table 2. Key results: association of the indicator with the four study measuresTable
MeasureFormnr95% CIp
Cancellation rateDescriptive contrast150 engagements0.590.47 to 0.68< 0.001
Customer satisfactionClean estimate94 engagements−0.40−0.56 to −0.22< 0.001
Engagement indicator meanFull150 engagements−0.66−0.74 to −0.55< 0.001
Intent to leaveRespondent level, clustered620 respondents0.580.51 to 0.65< 0.001

The statement is rated from 1 to 10 with no good or bad end. The mean rating was 4.4 and the median 4.0 (n = 665 respondents). The rating was associated with all four study measures. Higher ratings came with more cancellation (r = 0.59, 95% CI 0.47 to 0.68, p < 0.001, n = 150 engagements), lower customer satisfaction among active engagements (r = −0.40, 95% CI −0.56 to −0.22, p < 0.001, n = 94 engagements), a lower engagement indicator mean (r = −0.66, 95% CI −0.74 to −0.55, p < 0.001, n = 150 engagements) and higher intent to leave (r = 0.58, cluster bootstrap 95% CI 0.51 to 0.65, p < 0.001 with standard errors clustered by engagement, n = 620 respondents). After Holm correction, ratings differed by engagement status and lifecycle stage (Welch F 26.25, Holm p < 0.001, omega squared 0.356) and respondent role (Welch F 46.44, Holm p < 0.001, omega squared 0.043).

All 23 written responses were negative. The 19 responses to C216 described the correction of AI outputs as constant work for the team, done before anyone outside it saw the output, seldom logged or raised and seldom reported to the financial institution.

Distribution of Ratings

Table 3. Distribution of ratings, respondent levelTable
AnswerRespondentsShare of answered (base 665)Cumulative shareEngagements with at least oneShare of 150 engagementsDistressed
181.20%1.20%42.67%Not applicable
210716.09%17.29%5033.33%Not applicable
316725.11%42.41%8657.33%Not applicable
410115.19%57.59%7147.33%Not applicable
57611.43%69.02%5637.33%Not applicable
69914.89%83.91%6744.67%Not applicable
7537.97%91.88%3825.33%Not applicable
8355.26%97.14%2718.00%Not applicable
9172.56%99.70%106.67%Not applicable
1020.30%100.00%21.33%Not applicable
I do not know87Not in baseNot in base7147.33%Not applicable
I prefer to not answer33Not in baseNot in base3020.00%Not applicable
Answered, total665100.00%150100.00%
Table 4. Distribution of ratings, engagement levelTable
Engagement level summaryEngagementsMean of engagement meansSDMinMedianMaxEngagements with a distressed meanShare of engagements distressed
Engagement means, as recorded1504.41.61.34.39.0Not applicableNot applicable

The scale has no good or bad end, so no distressed range applies.

Coverage and Origin of Written Responses

Figure 1. Written responses addressing the indicator, by question answered and written score (n = 23 responses)Exhibit
05.3210.6415.9621.28C216 (primary)172C202 (primary)C156 (secondary)2C135 (secondary)−10 Strongly negative−5 Negative0 Neutral+5 Positive+10 Strongly positive
Note: Each bar is one survey question. C216 and C202 are the written-answer questions of the indicator's survey section, so their responses are primary. The responses to every other question are secondary. Segments wide enough to hold a label carry their count. C216 asked: “Comment” C202 asked: “Why did you alter client provided data?” C156 asked: “Add any comments on the joint management of this engagement that the ratings in this section do not capture.” C135 asked: “Add any comments on your employer that the ratings in this section do not capture.”
Table 5. Written responses by originTable
OriginResponsesRespondentsEngagementsNegativeStrongest negative (−10)PositiveMean written score
Primary20201720 of 20 (100.00%)18 of 20 (90.00%)0 of 20 (0.00%)−9.5
Secondary3333 of 33 of 30 of 3‡
All responses23232023 of 23 (100.00%)21 of 23 (91.30%)0 of 23 (0.00%)−9.6
Note: ‡ Base under 10. No statistic is reported.

The primary responses numbered 20, written in answer to C216 and C202, the written-answer questions of the indicator's survey section. The remaining 3 responses, 13.04% of the total, were secondary and came from 2 other questions. Respondents who wrote both a primary and a secondary response numbered 0. Negative responses made up 100.00% of primary responses (20 of 20) and 3 of the 3 secondary responses.

Every one of the 19 responses to C216 placed the corrections at a frequency: every day, every week, most days, almost every task or more than once a week, and three gave a share of six, seven or eight cases out of ten. Ten responses across all questions said the corrections were not logged, reported, raised or written up, and two said the team was told to keep the figures steady or to handle the problem without raising it. The team lead or manager knew or was told in six responses, and three said the financial institution was not told or saw only the corrected output.

Four responses traced the corrections to output that did not reproduce from one run to the next. In three responses, the respondent said others on the team altered the outputs while the respondent did not. A response to C156 described a private sheet of every generated test case the team had rewritten by hand, about sixty percent of the generated cases, kept outside any process document.

Distribution of Written Sentiment

Figure 2. Distribution of written sentiment (n = 23 responses)Exhibit
0%25%50%75%100%−10 Strongly negative21 (91.30%)−5 Negative2 (8.70%)0 Neutral0 (0.00%)+5 Positive0 (0.00%)+10 Strongly positive0 (0.00%)Share of responses
Note: Column height is the share of the 23 responses. Labels give the count and the share.
Table 6. Summary statistics of written sentimentTable
StatisticValueBasis
Mean written score−9.6† n = 23
Median written score−10.0n = 23 responses
Negative responses23 of 23 (100.00%)† n = 23
Strongest negative responses (−10)21 of 23 (91.30%)Statements of totality, constancy or serious harm
Positive responses0 of 23 (0.00%)+5 or +10
Net balance−100.00 percentage pointsShare positive minus share negative, base 23 responses
Respondent-level mean−9.6Mean of each respondent's own mean written score, n = 23 respondents
Note: † Base under 30. No interval is reported.

Of the 23 responses, 23 (100.00%, 95% CI 100.00% to 100.00%) were negative and 21 (91.30%) carried the strongest negative score of −10. Positive responses numbered 0 (0.00%), and no response was neutral. The mean written score was −9.6 (95% CI −10.0 to −8.9, n = 23 responses), and the median was −10.0.

Correspondence Between Ratings and Written Sentiment

Figure 3. Written score against the respondent's rating of the indicator (n = 22 responses with a rating)Exhibit
012345678910-10-50510Written sentiment scoreRating11536411
Note: Each marker is one combination of written score and rating, and its area is proportional to the number of responses at that combination. The written score runs from −10 at the left to +10 at the right. The rating of agreement rises from the lowest at the bottom to the highest at the top, with no good or bad end. Of the 23 responses, 1 had no rating and are not shown.

Of the 23 responses, 22 came from respondents who also rated the indicator. Among them, the written score did not track the rating (Spearman rho −0.21, 95% CI −0.46 to −0.11, p = 0.345, n = 22 responses).

Rating Profile of Respondents Providing Written Responses

Figure 4. Distribution of ratings, respondents who wrote about the indicator and respondents who did notExhibit
0%25%50%75%100%12345678910Respondents who wrote and gave a rating (n = 22)Respondents who did not write and gave a rating (n = 643)
Note: The columns of each group sum to the whole of that group: 22 respondents who wrote about the indicator and gave a rating, and 643 who gave a rating without writing about it.

Respondents who wrote about the indicator and gave a rating numbered 22, with a mean rating of 7.1. The 643 respondents who rated the indicator without writing about it had a mean of 4.3. The difference, 2.8 (95% CI 1.9 to 3.6), excluded zero.

Descriptive Statistics by Segment

Table 7a. Descriptive statistics by segment, part 1 of 2Table
SegmentBaseAnsweredAnswer rateEngagementsMean95% CISD
Study set85066578.24% of 8501504.44.2 to 4.52.0
Outsourcing model
CXM23217977.16% of 232424.23.9 to 4.51.9
ITO24418977.46% of 244404.54.3 to 4.81.8
BPO20916980.86% of 209374.34.0 to 4.62.0
KPO16512877.58% of 165314.54.2 to 4.92.2
Institution type
Asset management13210075.76% of 132244.84.5 to 5.11.7
Wealth management and private banking14011078.57% of 140234.23.8 to 4.52.0
Investment banking (advisory and capital-markets origination)1058379.05% of 105194.94.4 to 5.32.2
Insurance (life, property and casualty, health)786076.92% of 78144.64.1 to 5.12.0
Commercial and business banking826174.39% of 82134.03.6 to 4.51.8
Payments and merchant acquiring (networks, acquiring, processing)716287.32% of 71134.54.0 to 5.12.0
Credit card and payments issuing735473.97% of 73124.84.1 to 5.42.3
Retail and consumer banking736082.19% of 73124.03.5 to 4.41.7
Markets and trading (sales and trading, global markets)574578.95% of 57113.73.2 to 4.21.7
Private equity and private capital393076.92% of 3993.93.3 to 4.51.6
Process family
Corporate and back-office functions24820080.65% of 248474.34.0 to 4.62.2
Technology engineering and operations20415977.94% of 204354.23.9 to 4.41.7
Client servicing and communications947276.60% of 94165.04.6 to 5.51.8
Trade, settlement and reconciliation806277.50% of 80154.64.1 to 5.12.0
Payments, cards and disputes735879.45% of 73124.23.7 to 4.61.8
Credit, underwriting and suitability574782.46% of 5793.93.4 to 4.51.9
Regulatory, audit, tax and legal513874.51% of 5194.94.2 to 5.72.3
Financial crime and client onboarding432967.44% of 4374.6†1.5
Class of work
LOB Operational45135177.83% of 451764.64.4 to 4.81.9
Corporate Functional39931478.70% of 399744.23.9 to 4.42.0
Engagement status and lifecycle stage
Active, Build-Out17515085.71% of 175313.43.1 to 3.71.6
Active, Transition/Cut-Over25020180.40% of 250433.63.4 to 3.81.5
Active, Production1038683.50% of 103204.34.0 to 4.71.5
Canceled32222870.81% of 322565.85.5 to 6.01.9
Respondent role
Individual Contributor66755683.36% of 6671504.64.4 to 4.72.0
Engagement Manager1509966.00% of 150993.63.3 to 3.91.4
Portfolio Director311032.26% of 31102.5†0.7
Customer Management Executive200 of 20‡
Vendor type
IT services major31626082.28% of 316594.44.2 to 4.61.9
BPO specialist19814171.21% of 198374.64.3 to 4.92.0
Consulting firm1178774.36% of 117234.13.7 to 4.52.1
Boutique or specialist provider876979.31% of 87174.23.7 to 4.71.9
Pure-play agentic AI firm756282.67% of 75144.74.2 to 5.22.1
Not reported, recovered by engagement574680.70% of 57404.23.7 to 4.81.8
Note: † Base under 30. No interval is reported. ‡ Base under 10. No statistic is reported.
Table 7b. Descriptive statistics by segment, part 2 of 2Table
SegmentMinQ1MedianQ3MaxDistressed nDistressed %
Study set1.03.04.06.010.0Not applicableNot applicable
Outsourcing model
CXM1.03.04.06.09.0Not applicableNot applicable
ITO2.03.04.06.010.0Not applicableNot applicable
BPO2.03.04.06.010.0Not applicableNot applicable
KPO1.03.04.06.09.0Not applicableNot applicable
Institution type
Asset management2.03.04.06.08.0Not applicableNot applicable
Wealth management and private banking1.03.04.06.09.0Not applicableNot applicable
Investment banking (advisory and capital-markets origination)2.03.05.06.09.0Not applicableNot applicable
Insurance (life, property and casualty, health)2.03.04.06.09.0Not applicableNot applicable
Commercial and business banking1.03.04.06.09.0Not applicableNot applicable
Payments and merchant acquiring (networks, acquiring, processing)2.03.04.06.010.0Not applicableNot applicable
Credit card and payments issuing2.03.04.06.010.0Not applicableNot applicable
Retail and consumer banking1.03.03.56.08.0Not applicableNot applicable
Markets and trading (sales and trading, global markets)2.02.03.04.08.0Not applicableNot applicable
Private equity and private capital1.03.04.05.07.0Not applicableNot applicable
Process family
Corporate and back-office functions1.03.04.06.010.0Not applicableNot applicable
Technology engineering and operations2.03.04.05.010.0Not applicableNot applicable
Client servicing and communications2.04.05.06.09.0Not applicableNot applicable
Trade, settlement and reconciliation2.03.05.06.08.0Not applicableNot applicable
Payments, cards and disputes2.03.04.06.08.0Not applicableNot applicable
Credit, underwriting and suitability1.03.03.05.09.0Not applicableNot applicable
Regulatory, audit, tax and legal2.03.05.06.89.0Not applicableNot applicable
Financial crime and client onboarding3.03.04.06.07.0Not applicableNot applicable
Class of work
LOB Operational1.03.04.06.010.0Not applicableNot applicable
Corporate Functional1.03.03.06.010.0Not applicableNot applicable
Engagement status and lifecycle stage
Active, Build-Out1.02.03.04.08.0Not applicableNot applicable
Active, Transition/Cut-Over1.03.03.04.09.0Not applicableNot applicable
Active, Production2.03.04.05.88.0Not applicableNot applicable
Canceled2.04.06.07.010.0Not applicableNot applicable
Respondent role
Individual Contributor1.03.04.06.010.0Not applicableNot applicable
Engagement Manager1.03.03.04.09.0Not applicableNot applicable
Portfolio Director2.02.02.03.04.0Not applicableNot applicable
Customer Management Executive‡ n = 0
Vendor type
IT services major2.03.04.06.09.0Not applicableNot applicable
BPO specialist1.03.04.06.010.0Not applicableNot applicable
Consulting firm1.02.54.06.09.0Not applicableNot applicable
Boutique or specialist provider2.03.04.05.09.0Not applicableNot applicable
Pure-play agentic AI firm2.03.05.06.010.0Not applicableNot applicable
Not reported, recovered by engagement1.03.04.06.09.0Not applicableNot applicable
Note: ‡ Base under 10. No statistic is reported.

Every figure in the segment tables is at respondent level. Segments with fewer than 30 respondents carry no interval. Segments with fewer than 10 report counts only.

Tests of Difference Between Segments

Table 8a. Tests of difference between segments, part 1 of 2Table
Segment familyWelch FdfpHolm pOmega squared90% CI
Outsourcing model0.213, 77.50.8891.000−0.0170.000 to 0.009
Institution type0.998, 49.40.4571.000−0.0040.000 to 0.068
Process family1.374, 39.70.2611.0000.0040.000 to 0.075
Class of work2.721, 146.60.1010.5060.0110.000 to 0.068
Engagement status and lifecycle stage26.253, 65.0< 0.001< 0.0010.3560.260 to 0.448
Respondent role46.442, 27.6< 0.001< 0.0010.0430.022 to 0.073
Vendor type1.105, 196.80.3591.0000.0010.000 to 0.017
Table 8b. Tests of difference between segments, part 2 of 2Table
Segment familyKruskal-Wallis HpDistressed chi-squaredfpCramer's VLevels excluded
Outsourcing model0.940.815Not applicableNot applicableNot applicableNot applicableNone
Institution type7.160.519Not applicableNot applicableNot applicableNot applicablePrivate equity and private capital, n = 9
Process family5.590.232Not applicableNot applicableNot applicableNot applicableCredit, underwriting and suitability, n = 9, Regulatory, audit, tax and legal, n = 9, Financial crime and client onboarding, n = 7
Class of work3.740.053Not applicableNot applicableNot applicableNot applicableNone
Engagement status and lifecycle stage54.03< 0.001Not applicableNot applicableNot applicableNot applicableNone
Respondent role30.99< 0.001Not applicableNot applicableNot applicableNot applicableCustomer Management Executive, n = 0
Vendor type5.840.322Not applicableNot applicableNot applicableNot applicableNone

Segment families recorded at engagement level were tested on engagement means. Respondent role and vendor type were tested on respondents. After Holm correction, ratings differed by engagement status and lifecycle stage (Welch F 26.25, Holm p < 0.001, omega squared 0.356). Canceled engagements rated highest (mean 5.8, n = 228 respondents) and active engagements in Build-Out lowest (mean 3.4, n = 150 respondents). Ratings also differed by respondent role (Welch F 46.44, Holm p < 0.001, omega squared 0.043). Individual contributors rated highest (mean 4.6, n = 556 respondents) and portfolio directors lowest (mean 2.5, n = 10 respondents). Outsourcing model, institution type, process family, class of work and vendor type showed no difference.

Written Sentiment by Segment

Figure 5. Written sentiment by engagement status and lifecycle stage, share of each group's responsesExhibit
0%25%50%75%100%All responses (n = 23)91.3%Active, Build-Out (n = 1)1 of 1Active, Transition/Cut-Over (n = 3)2 of 31 of 3Active, Production (n = 1)1 of 1Canceled (n = 18)100.0%−10 Strongly negative−5 Negative0 Neutral+5 Positive+10 Strongly positive
Note: Each bar is the whole of its group's responses, divided by written score from −10 at the left to +10 at the right. Segments large enough to hold a label carry their share.
Table 9. Written sentiment by segmentTable
SegmentResponsesRespondentsEngagementsMean written scoreNegativeStrongest negative (−10)
Engagement status and lifecycle stage
Active, Build-Out111‡1 of 10 of 1
Active, Transition/Cut-Over333‡3 of 32 of 3
Active, Production111‡1 of 11 of 1
Canceled181815−10.018 of 18 (100.00%)18 of 18 (100.00%)
Respondent role
Individual Contributor222219−9.522 of 22 (100.00%)20 of 22 (90.91%)
Engagement Manager111‡1 of 11 of 1
Portfolio Director000No responses
Customer Management Executive000No responses
Note: ‡ Base under 10. No statistic is reported.

Written sentiment differed by engagement status and lifecycle stage across the 18 engagements with a written response (Kruskal-Wallis H 5.00, df 1, p = 0.025). Fewer than two groups held 10 or more responses, so the groups are reported as counts only: active engagements in Build-Out (1), active engagements in Transition/Cut-Over (3), active engagements in Production (1) and canceled engagements (18).

No test across respondent roles was run, because fewer than two roles had 30 or more written responses. Individual contributors wrote 22 responses, engagement managers 1, reported as counts only.

Association with Cancellation Rate

Cancellation rate is the share of engagements canceled by the study date, measured at engagement level (150 engagements, 56 canceled). Canceled engagements were rated after cancellation. The association is therefore a descriptive contrast and not a forecast of cancellation.

Table 10a. Association with cancellation rate by segment, part 1 of 2Table
SegmentEngagementsCanceledCancellation ratePoint-biserial r95% CIpHolm p
Study set1505637.33% of 1500.590.47 to 0.68< 0.001< 0.001
Outsourcing model
CXM421535.71% of 420.630.40 to 0.78< 0.001< 0.001
ITO401537.50% of 400.570.31 to 0.75< 0.0010.002
BPO371437.84% of 370.630.38 to 0.79< 0.001< 0.001
KPO311238.71% of 310.540.23 to 0.750.0020.020
Institution type
Asset management241354.17% of 240.54†0.0060.057
Wealth management and private banking23834.78% of 230.77†< 0.001< 0.001
Investment banking (advisory and capital-markets origination)19947.37% of 190.56†0.0120.096
Insurance (life, property and casualty, health)14535.71% of 140.57†0.0330.132
Commercial and business banking13430.77% of 130.36†0.2230.344
Payments and merchant acquiring (networks, acquiring, processing)13323.08% of 130.83†< 0.0010.005
Credit card and payments issuing12541.67% of 120.69†0.0140.096
Retail and consumer banking12433.33% of 120.69†0.0130.096
Markets and trading (sales and trading, global markets)11327.27% of 110.44†0.1720.344
Private equity and private capital922 of 9‡
Process family
Corporate and back-office functions471940.43% of 470.620.40 to 0.77< 0.001< 0.001
Technology engineering and operations351028.57% of 350.530.23 to 0.730.0010.014
Client servicing and communications16956.25% of 160.68†0.0040.035
Trade, settlement and reconciliation15853.33% of 150.60†0.0180.096
Payments, cards and disputes12216.67% of 120.52†0.0830.249
Credit, underwriting and suitability911 of 9‡
Regulatory, audit, tax and legal944 of 9‡
Financial crime and client onboarding733 of 7‡
Class of work
LOB Operational763039.47% of 760.610.45 to 0.74< 0.001< 0.001
Corporate Functional742635.14% of 740.570.39 to 0.70< 0.001< 0.001
Engagement status and lifecycle stage
Active, Build-Out3100.00% of 31a
Active, Transition/Cut-Over4300.00% of 43a
Active, Production2000.00% of 20a
Canceled5656100.00% of 56a
Note: † Base under 30. No interval is reported. ‡ Base under 10. No statistic is reported. a Not tested: no variation in cancellation.
Table 10b. Association with cancellation rate by segment, part 2 of 2Table
SegmentOdds ratio per point95% CIAUCRate, distressed engagementsRate, other engagementsFisher pTOST p
Study set2.952.07 to 4.210.85Not applicableNot applicableNot applicable1.000
Outsourcing model
CXM3.481.65 to 7.310.87Not applicableNot applicableNot applicable0.996
ITO3.591.56 to 8.280.84Not applicableNot applicableNot applicable0.978
BPO3.241.55 to 6.770.88Not applicableNot applicableNot applicable0.994
KPO2.141.21 to 3.780.80Not applicableNot applicableNot applicable0.938
Institution type
Asset management2.85† n = 240.81Not applicableNot applicableNot applicable0.912
Wealth management and private banking7.60† n = 230.96Not applicableNot applicableNot applicable0.999
Investment banking (advisory and capital-markets origination)2.55† n = 190.82Not applicableNot applicableNot applicable0.906
Insurance (life, property and casualty, health)2.80† n = 140.84Not applicableNot applicableNot applicable0.870
Commercial and business banking1.85† n = 130.75Not applicableNot applicableNot applicable0.589
Payments and merchant acquiring (networks, acquiring, processing)4.54† n = 131.00Not applicableNot applicableNot applicable0.998
Credit card and payments issuing6.42† n = 120.91Not applicableNot applicableNot applicable0.944
Retail and consumer banking7.42† n = 120.91Not applicableNot applicableNot applicable0.947
Markets and trading (sales and trading, global markets)2.37† n = 110.75Not applicableNot applicableNot applicable0.682
Private equity and private capital‡ n = 9
Process family
Corporate and back-office functions2.591.51 to 4.440.85Not applicableNot applicableNot applicable0.997
Technology engineering and operations3.341.37 to 8.160.84Not applicableNot applicableNot applicable0.940
Client servicing and communications5.45† n = 160.90Not applicableNot applicableNot applicable0.971
Trade, settlement and reconciliation2.48† n = 150.82Not applicableNot applicableNot applicable0.907
Payments, cards and disputes14.34† n = 120.90Not applicableNot applicableNot applicable0.788
Credit, underwriting and suitability‡ n = 9
Regulatory, audit, tax and legal‡ n = 9
Financial crime and client onboarding‡ n = 7
Class of work
LOB Operational3.572.03 to 6.280.86Not applicableNot applicableNot applicable1.000
Corporate Functional2.641.65 to 4.220.83Not applicableNot applicableNot applicable0.997
Engagement status and lifecycle stage
Active, Build-Outa
Active, Transition/Cut-Overa
Active, Productiona
Canceleda
Note: † Base under 30. No interval is reported. ‡ Base under 10. No statistic is reported. a Not tested: no variation in cancellation.

Across the study set, higher ratings came with more cancellation (r = 0.59, 95% CI 0.47 to 0.68, Holm p < 0.001, n = 150 engagements). The association held after Holm correction in eleven of the 20 segment levels tested.

Association with Customer Satisfaction

Customer satisfaction is the percentage recorded against each engagement. The primary estimate uses the 94 active engagements. A descriptive contrast uses all 150 engagements.

Table 11a. Association with customer satisfaction by segment, part 1 of 2Table
SegmentActive engagementsClean r95% CIpHolm pSpearman rhop
Study set94−0.40−0.56 to −0.22< 0.001< 0.001−0.42< 0.001
Outsourcing model
CXM27−0.40†0.0410.371−0.470.014
ITO250.08†0.6951.0000.050.823
BPO23−0.53†0.0090.100−0.570.005
KPO19−0.75†< 0.0010.004−0.75< 0.001
Institution type
Asset management110.08†0.8101.0000.130.707
Wealth management and private banking15−0.60†0.0190.189−0.590.019
Investment banking (advisory and capital-markets origination)10−0.58†0.0790.489−0.430.211
Insurance (life, property and casualty, health)9‡
Commercial and business banking9‡
Payments and merchant acquiring (networks, acquiring, processing)10−0.59†0.0700.489−0.710.022
Credit card and payments issuing7‡
Retail and consumer banking8‡
Markets and trading (sales and trading, global markets)8‡
Private equity and private capital7‡
Process family
Corporate and back-office functions28−0.63†< 0.0010.005−0.66< 0.001
Technology engineering and operations250.10†0.6481.0000.060.790
Client servicing and communications7‡
Trade, settlement and reconciliation7‡
Payments, cards and disputes10−0.56†0.0920.489−0.640.046
Credit, underwriting and suitability8‡
Regulatory, audit, tax and legal5‡
Financial crime and client onboarding4‡
Class of work
LOB Operational46−0.51−0.69 to −0.25< 0.0010.005−0.55< 0.001
Corporate Functional48−0.27−0.52 to 0.010.0590.474−0.330.020
Engagement status and lifecycle stage
Active, Build-Out31−0.49−0.72 to −0.160.0050.063−0.58< 0.001
Active, Transition/Cut-Over43−0.47−0.67 to −0.190.0020.021−0.450.003
Active, Production20−0.39†0.0860.489−0.390.093
Canceled0a
Note: † Base under 30. No interval is reported. ‡ Base under 10. No statistic is reported. a Not tested: canceled engagements fall outside the active population.
Table 11b. Association with customer satisfaction by segment, part 2 of 2Table
SegmentSlope, points per rating point95% CIR squaredTOST pAll engagementsDescriptive rp
Study set−3.85−5.66 to −2.050.160.872150−0.64< 0.001
Outsourcing model
CXM−4.72† n = 270.160.70342−0.66< 0.001
ITO0.73† n = 250.010.14440−0.52< 0.001
BPO−4.43† n = 230.280.89637−0.69< 0.001
KPO−6.55† n = 190.560.99631−0.68< 0.001
Institution type
Asset management0.78† n = 110.010.26024−0.500.012
Wealth management and private banking−4.85† n = 150.360.90523−0.83< 0.001
Investment banking (advisory and capital-markets origination)−5.93† n = 100.340.82419−0.650.003
Insurance (life, property and casualty, health)‡ n = 9
Commercial and business banking‡ n = 9
Payments and merchant acquiring (networks, acquiring, processing)−8.25† n = 100.350.84013−0.88< 0.001
Credit card and payments issuing‡ n = 7
Retail and consumer banking‡ n = 8
Markets and trading (sales and trading, global markets)‡ n = 8
Private equity and private capital‡ n = 7
Process family
Corporate and back-office functions−6.51† n = 280.390.98447−0.70< 0.001
Technology engineering and operations0.94† n = 250.010.15935−0.470.004
Client servicing and communications‡ n = 7
Trade, settlement and reconciliation‡ n = 7
Payments, cards and disputes−4.75† n = 100.310.80512−0.670.016
Credit, underwriting and suitability‡ n = 8
Regulatory, audit, tax and legal‡ n = 5
Financial crime and client onboarding‡ n = 4
Class of work
LOB Operational−5.17−7.85 to −2.490.260.94776−0.67< 0.001
Corporate Functional−2.44−4.97 to 0.100.080.42574−0.60< 0.001
Engagement status and lifecycle stage
Active, Build-Out−4.09−6.87 to −1.320.240.88331−0.490.005
Active, Transition/Cut-Over−4.83−7.73 to −1.940.220.89143−0.470.002
Active, Production−4.09†0.150.66920−0.390.086
Canceleda
Note: † Base under 30. No interval is reported. ‡ Base under 10. No statistic is reported. a Not tested: canceled engagements fall outside the active population.

Across the active engagements, higher ratings came with lower customer satisfaction (r = −0.40, 95% CI −0.56 to −0.22, Holm p < 0.001, n = 94 engagements). The association held after Holm correction in four of the 16 segment levels tested.

Association with the Engagement Indicator Mean

The engagement indicator mean is the mean of an engagement's ratings across the rated indicators, measured at engagement level (150 engagements). The indicator does not enter the mean.

Table 12a. Association with the engagement indicator mean by segment, part 1 of 2Table
SegmentEngagementsLeave-one-out r95% CIpHolm pSpearman rhop
Study set150−0.66−0.74 to −0.55< 0.001< 0.001−0.67< 0.001
Outsourcing model
CXM42−0.71−0.83 to −0.52< 0.001< 0.001−0.74< 0.001
ITO40−0.48−0.69 to −0.200.0020.024−0.53< 0.001
BPO37−0.74−0.86 to −0.55< 0.001< 0.001−0.75< 0.001
KPO31−0.68−0.83 to −0.43< 0.001< 0.001−0.67< 0.001
Institution type
Asset management24−0.42†0.0420.126−0.430.036
Wealth management and private banking23−0.88†< 0.001< 0.001−0.90< 0.001
Investment banking (advisory and capital-markets origination)19−0.56†0.0120.077−0.520.024
Insurance (life, property and casualty, health)14−0.79†< 0.0010.013−0.84< 0.001
Commercial and business banking13−0.39†0.1830.306−0.490.090
Payments and merchant acquiring (networks, acquiring, processing)13−0.72†0.0050.056−0.760.002
Credit card and payments issuing12−0.82†0.0010.019−0.83< 0.001
Retail and consumer banking12−0.79†0.0020.027−0.780.003
Markets and trading (sales and trading, global markets)11−0.69†0.0180.091−0.480.133
Private equity and private capital9‡
Process family
Corporate and back-office functions47−0.73−0.84 to −0.56< 0.001< 0.001−0.73< 0.001
Technology engineering and operations35−0.44−0.67 to −0.120.0090.077−0.470.004
Client servicing and communications16−0.71†0.0020.027−0.77< 0.001
Trade, settlement and reconciliation15−0.68†0.0050.056−0.580.022
Payments, cards and disputes12−0.66†0.0200.091−0.630.029
Credit, underwriting and suitability9‡
Regulatory, audit, tax and legal9‡
Financial crime and client onboarding7‡
Class of work
LOB Operational76−0.69−0.79 to −0.55< 0.001< 0.001−0.72< 0.001
Corporate Functional74−0.63−0.75 to −0.47< 0.001< 0.001−0.62< 0.001
Engagement status and lifecycle stage
Active, Build-Out31−0.46−0.70 to −0.120.0090.077−0.540.002
Active, Transition/Cut-Over43−0.60−0.76 to −0.36< 0.001< 0.001−0.58< 0.001
Active, Production20−0.33†0.1530.306−0.350.135
Canceled56−0.35−0.56 to −0.090.0090.077−0.340.011
Note: † Base under 30. No interval is reported. ‡ Base under 10. No statistic is reported.
Table 12b. Association with the engagement indicator mean by segment, part 2 of 2Table
Segmentr with indicator includedChange in rSlope95% CIR squaredTOST pEquivalent
Study setNot a component−0.61−0.72 to −0.490.431.000No
Outsourcing model
CXMNot a component−0.72−0.95 to −0.490.501.000No
ITONot a component−0.46−0.73 to −0.180.230.903No
BPONot a component−0.61−0.80 to −0.420.551.000No
KPONot a component−0.60−0.84 to −0.350.460.997No
Institution type
Asset managementNot a component−0.48† n = 240.170.733No
Wealth management and private bankingNot a component−0.74† n = 230.771.000No
Investment banking (advisory and capital-markets origination)Not a component−0.36† n = 190.320.907No
Insurance (life, property and casualty, health)Not a component−0.71† n = 140.620.994No
Commercial and business bankingNot a component−0.38† n = 130.150.632No
Payments and merchant acquiring (networks, acquiring, processing)Not a component−0.70† n = 130.520.973No
Credit card and payments issuingNot a component−0.57† n = 120.660.994No
Retail and consumer bankingNot a component−0.91† n = 120.620.989No
Markets and trading (sales and trading, global markets)Not a component−0.78† n = 110.480.938No
Private equity and private capital‡ n = 9
Process family
Corporate and back-office functionsNot a component−0.61−0.78 to −0.440.531.000No
Technology engineering and operationsNot a component−0.46−0.79 to −0.120.190.817No
Client servicing and communicationsNot a component−0.83† n = 160.500.981No
Trade, settlement and reconciliationNot a component−0.53† n = 150.460.964No
Payments, cards and disputesNot a component−0.61† n = 120.430.926No
Credit, underwriting and suitability‡ n = 9
Regulatory, audit, tax and legal‡ n = 9
Financial crime and client onboarding‡ n = 7
Class of work
LOB OperationalNot a component−0.68−0.84 to −0.510.471.000No
Corporate FunctionalNot a component−0.56−0.72 to −0.400.401.000No
Engagement status and lifecycle stage
Active, Build-OutNot a component−0.42−0.73 to −0.110.210.837No
Active, Transition/Cut-OverNot a component−0.59−0.84 to −0.340.360.992No
Active, ProductionNot a component−0.41† n = 200.110.558No
CanceledNot a component−0.15−0.27 to −0.040.120.649No
Note: † Base under 30. No interval is reported. ‡ Base under 10. No statistic is reported.

Higher ratings came with a lower engagement indicator mean (r = −0.66, 95% CI −0.74 to −0.55, Holm p < 0.001, n = 150 engagements). The association held after Holm correction in thirteen of the 24 segment levels tested.

Association with Intent to Leave

Intent to leave is the answer to C019, “How likely are you to leave your current job in the next 12 months?”, rated 1 to 10. It is measured at respondent level on up to 798 respondents, with the engagement-level form reported alongside.

Table 13a. Association with intent to leave by segment, part 1 of 2Table
SegmentRespondentsr95% CICluster bootstrap 95% CIpHolm p
Study set6200.580.53 to 0.630.51 to 0.65< 0.001< 0.001
Outsourcing model
CXM1640.590.49 to 0.690.44 to 0.71< 0.001< 0.001
ITO1810.480.36 to 0.580.31 to 0.60< 0.001< 0.001
BPO1580.650.56 to 0.740.51 to 0.76< 0.001< 0.001
KPO1170.590.46 to 0.700.41 to 0.73< 0.001< 0.001
Institution type
Asset management910.310.11 to 0.490.05 to 0.550.0030.016
Wealth management and private banking1020.710.60 to 0.800.61 to 0.80< 0.001< 0.001
Investment banking (advisory and capital-markets origination)770.490.30 to 0.640.19 to 0.71< 0.001< 0.001
Insurance (life, property and casualty, health)550.740.58 to 0.840.56 to 0.84< 0.001< 0.001
Commercial and business banking560.580.38 to 0.730.23 to 0.76< 0.001< 0.001
Payments and merchant acquiring (networks, acquiring, processing)600.680.51 to 0.800.54 to 0.76< 0.001< 0.001
Credit card and payments issuing520.710.54 to 0.820.46 to 0.86< 0.001< 0.001
Retail and consumer banking550.610.41 to 0.750.37 to 0.78< 0.001< 0.001
Markets and trading (sales and trading, global markets)430.610.38 to 0.770.30 to 0.79< 0.001< 0.001
Private equity and private capital290.09††0.6280.744
Process family
Corporate and back-office functions1810.650.56 to 0.730.53 to 0.75< 0.001< 0.001
Technology engineering and operations1510.390.25 to 0.520.18 to 0.56< 0.001< 0.001
Client servicing and communications670.440.22 to 0.620.23 to 0.65< 0.0010.001
Trade, settlement and reconciliation580.600.41 to 0.740.19 to 0.82< 0.001< 0.001
Payments, cards and disputes560.720.56 to 0.820.58 to 0.81< 0.001< 0.001
Credit, underwriting and suitability430.660.45 to 0.80§ n = 9< 0.001< 0.001
Regulatory, audit, tax and legal360.690.47 to 0.83§ n = 9< 0.001< 0.001
Financial crime and client onboarding280.50††0.0070.034
Class of work
LOB Operational3260.600.52 to 0.660.51 to 0.67< 0.001< 0.001
Corporate Functional2940.560.48 to 0.640.43 to 0.67< 0.001< 0.001
Engagement status and lifecycle stage
Active, Build-Out1420.500.36 to 0.610.26 to 0.67< 0.001< 0.001
Active, Transition/Cut-Over1900.500.38 to 0.600.31 to 0.63< 0.001< 0.001
Active, Production780.450.25 to 0.610.19 to 0.62< 0.001< 0.001
Canceled2100.140.00 to 0.27−0.01 to 0.280.0450.136
Respondent role
Individual Contributor5110.590.53 to 0.640.51 to 0.66< 0.001< 0.001
Engagement Manager990.560.41 to 0.680.45 to 0.66< 0.001< 0.001
Portfolio Director100.32††0.3720.744
Customer Management Executive0‡
Vendor type
IT services major2460.630.55 to 0.700.54 to 0.71< 0.001< 0.001
BPO specialist1280.620.50 to 0.720.45 to 0.75< 0.001< 0.001
Consulting firm810.530.36 to 0.670.26 to 0.71< 0.001< 0.001
Boutique or specialist provider630.540.34 to 0.700.25 to 0.76< 0.001< 0.001
Pure-play agentic AI firm590.560.35 to 0.710.23 to 0.77< 0.001< 0.001
Not reported, recovered by engagement430.400.11 to 0.630.11 to 0.630.0080.034
Note: † Base under 30. No interval is reported. § Too few engagements for a cluster bootstrap interval. ‡ Base under 10. No statistic is reported.
Table 13b. Association with intent to leave by segment, part 2 of 2Table
SegmentSpearman rhopShare at 7 or above, distressedShare at 7 or above, otherEngagementsEngagement level r95% CITOST p
Study set0.58< 0.001Not applicableNot applicable1500.650.55 to 0.731.000
Outsourcing model
CXM0.57< 0.001Not applicableNot applicable420.670.46 to 0.810.999
ITO0.48< 0.001Not applicableNot applicable400.510.24 to 0.710.942
BPO0.66< 0.001Not applicableNot applicable370.740.55 to 0.861.000
KPO0.59< 0.001Not applicableNot applicable310.630.36 to 0.810.989
Institution type
Asset management0.320.002Not applicableNot applicable240.42†0.739
Wealth management and private banking0.72< 0.001Not applicableNot applicable230.80†1.000
Investment banking (advisory and capital-markets origination)0.47< 0.001Not applicableNot applicable190.54†0.879
Insurance (life, property and casualty, health)0.73< 0.001Not applicableNot applicable140.81†0.997
Commercial and business banking0.58< 0.001Not applicableNot applicable130.65†0.930
Payments and merchant acquiring (networks, acquiring, processing)0.72< 0.001Not applicableNot applicable130.79†0.991
Credit card and payments issuing0.73< 0.001Not applicableNot applicable120.84†0.997
Retail and consumer banking0.60< 0.001Not applicableNot applicable120.77†0.985
Markets and trading (sales and trading, global markets)0.49< 0.001Not applicableNot applicable110.70†0.941
Private equity and private capital0.060.741Not applicableNot applicable9‡‡
Process family
Corporate and back-office functions0.67< 0.001Not applicableNot applicable470.700.52 to 0.821.000
Technology engineering and operations0.36< 0.001Not applicableNot applicable350.450.13 to 0.680.831
Client servicing and communications0.43< 0.001Not applicableNot applicable160.60†0.914
Trade, settlement and reconciliation0.61< 0.001Not applicableNot applicable150.65†0.949
Payments, cards and disputes0.70< 0.001Not applicableNot applicable120.82†0.994
Credit, underwriting and suitability0.66< 0.001Not applicableNot applicable9‡‡
Regulatory, audit, tax and legal0.72< 0.001Not applicableNot applicable9‡‡
Financial crime and client onboarding0.490.009Not applicableNot applicable7‡‡
Class of work
LOB Operational0.60< 0.001Not applicableNot applicable760.680.54 to 0.781.000
Corporate Functional0.56< 0.001Not applicableNot applicable740.630.46 to 0.751.000
Engagement status and lifecycle stage
Active, Build-Out0.48< 0.001Not applicableNot applicable310.540.23 to 0.750.942
Active, Transition/Cut-Over0.42< 0.001Not applicableNot applicable430.520.26 to 0.710.951
Active, Production0.43< 0.001Not applicableNot applicable200.48†0.812
Canceled0.130.055Not applicableNot applicable560.21−0.06 to 0.450.234
Respondent role
Individual Contributor0.59< 0.001Not applicableNot applicable1500.640.53 to 0.721.000
Engagement Manager0.55< 0.001Not applicableNot applicable990.560.41 to 0.680.999
Portfolio Director0.240.509Not applicableNot applicable100.32†0.520
Customer Management Executive‡ n = 0
Vendor type
IT services major0.64< 0.001Not applicableNot applicable590.710.56 to 0.821.000
BPO specialist0.63< 0.001Not applicableNot applicable370.710.50 to 0.841.000
Consulting firm0.52< 0.001Not applicableNot applicable230.56†0.924
Boutique or specialist provider0.56< 0.001Not applicableNot applicable170.65†0.959
Pure-play agentic AI firm0.52< 0.001Not applicableNot applicable140.63†0.921
Not reported, recovered by engagement0.370.014Not applicableNot applicable380.450.15 to 0.670.844
Note: † Base under 30. No interval is reported. ‡ Base under 10. No statistic is reported.

Respondents who gave higher ratings reported higher intent to leave (r = 0.58, 95% CI 0.53 to 0.63, Holm p < 0.001, n = 620 respondents). The association held after Holm correction in thirty-four of the 37 segment levels tested.

Association of Written Sentiment with the Study Measures

Table 14. Written sentiment and the study measuresTable
ComparisonWith a negative responseWithout a negative responseTestStatisticnp
Cancellation rate, engagements15 of 20 (75.00%)41 of 130 (31.54%)Fisher exact150< 0.001
Customer satisfaction, active engagementsn = 564.20%, n = 89‡94
Engagement mean written score and cancellation, engagementsPoint-biserial r−0.58200.008
Respondent mean written score and intent to leave, respondentsSpearman rho−0.37200.105
Note: ‡ Base under 10. No statistic is reported.

Two comparisons set the engagements with at least one negative response against all other engagements. Of the 130 other engagements, 130 had no written response addressing the indicator. These two comparisons therefore do not isolate written sentiment. Of the 20 engagements with a negative response, 15 (75.00%) were canceled, against 41 of the 130 other engagements (31.54%). The difference reached significance (Fisher exact p < 0.001). The comparison of customer satisfaction was not computed, because one of the two groups held too few active engagements.

Two correlations test written sentiment directly. Across the 20 engagements with a written response, a more negative engagement mean written score came with cancellation (point-biserial r −0.58, p = 0.008). Across 20 respondents, the respondent mean written score was not associated with intent to leave (Spearman rho −0.37, p = 0.105). Of the three comparisons, two reached significance at 0.05.

Comparison of Associations Across the Four Measures

Table 15. Associations across the four measuresTable
MeasureFormUnitnr95% CIpEquivalent to zeroRank among the four
Cancellation rateDescriptive contrastEngagement1500.590.47 to 0.68< 0.001No2
Customer satisfactionClean estimateEngagement94−0.40−0.56 to −0.22< 0.001No4
Engagement indicator meanFullEngagement150−0.66−0.74 to −0.55< 0.001No1
Intent to leaveRespondent level, clusteredRespondent6200.580.51 to 0.65< 0.001No3
Table 16. Pairwise comparison of associationsTable
Pair comparedDifference in rSteiger zpHolm pReading
Cancellation rate and customer satisfaction0.052.110.0350.209Did not differ
Cancellation rate and engagement indicator mean0.071.490.1360.679Did not differ
Cancellation rate and intent to leave0.040.960.3381.000Did not differ
Customer satisfaction and engagement indicator mean0.020.630.5281.000Did not differ
Customer satisfaction and intent to leave−0.01−0.330.7411.000Did not differ
Engagement indicator mean and intent to leave−0.03−0.870.3861.000Did not differ

The four associations were compared in pairs on their engagement-level forms, each oriented so that a higher value is the better outcome, across the 150 engagements with all four measures. After Holm correction, zero of the six pairs differed.

Clustering and Effective Sample Size

Table 17. Clustering and effective sample sizeTable
StatisticValueReading
Clusters (engagements)150Engagements with one or more answers.
Mean respondents per engagement4.4Answers per engagement, among engagements with one or more answers.
ICC(1)0.56Share of the variance that lies between engagements.
Design effect2.94One plus the product of the ICC and the mean cluster size less one.
Nominal respondent n665Respondents who answered.
Effective n226Nominal n divided by the design effect.
Cluster bootstrap appliedYesApplied to every respondent-level interval where the ICC is 0.05 or above.

Answers clustered within engagements (ICC 0.56). Clustering reduced the 665 respondent answers to the equivalent of about 226 independent answers. Respondent-level intervals therefore used the cluster bootstrap. Respondent-level tests of intent to leave used standard errors that allow for clustering by engagement.

Equivalence Tests of Null Results

Table 18. Equivalence tests of null resultsTable
MeasurenrEquivalence boundTOST p, lowerTOST p, upperEquivalent to zeroAchieved powerMDE at power 0.80Detection floor for this n
Cancellation rate1500.59|r| < 0.30< 0.0011.000No0.960.230.23
Customer satisfaction94−0.40|r| < 0.300.872< 0.001No0.840.290.23
Engagement indicator mean150−0.66|r| < 0.301.000< 0.001No0.960.230.23
Intent to leave620, effective 2100.58|r| < 0.30< 0.0011.000No0.990.190.23

No association was equivalent to zero. Each of the four differed from zero. The detection floor shown is the study floor at 150 engagements. Intent to leave was tested on its effective sample size.

Robustness Checks

Table 19. Robustness checksTable
CheckMeasurePrimary rCheck r95% CIChangeConclusion holds
Rank correlation in place of PearsonCancellation rate0.590.58a−0.01Yes
Rank correlation in place of PearsonCustomer satisfaction−0.40−0.42a−0.02Yes
Rank correlation in place of PearsonEngagement indicator mean−0.66−0.67a−0.01Yes
Rank correlation in place of PearsonIntent to leave0.580.58a0.00Yes
Non-answers excluded, then imputed at the engagement meanIntent to leave0.580.55a−0.03Yes
Active engagements onlyEngagement indicator mean−0.66−0.47−0.62 to −0.300.18Yes
Active engagements onlyIntent to leave0.580.460.38 to 0.54−0.12Yes
Most influential engagement removed (largest Cook's distance)Cancellation rate0.590.600.49 to 0.700.02Yes
Most influential engagement removed (largest Cook's distance)Customer satisfaction−0.40−0.44−0.59 to −0.26−0.04Yes
Most influential engagement removed (largest Cook's distance)Engagement indicator mean−0.66−0.67−0.75 to −0.57−0.02Yes
Most influential engagement removed (largest Cook's distance)Intent to leave0.580.590.53 to 0.640.01Yes
Engagements weighted by respondent countCancellation rate0.590.59a0.00Yes
Engagements weighted by respondent countCustomer satisfaction−0.40−0.42a−0.02Yes
Engagements weighted by respondent countEngagement indicator mean−0.66−0.66a0.00Yes
Bootstrap of engagementsCancellation rate0.590.590.48 to 0.680.00Yes
Bootstrap of engagementsCustomer satisfaction−0.40−0.40−0.56 to −0.230.00Yes
Bootstrap of engagementsEngagement indicator mean−0.66−0.66−0.74 to −0.560.00Yes
Bootstrap of engagementsIntent to leave0.580.580.51 to 0.650.00Yes
Thin-base segments removedCancellation rate0.590.580.42 to 0.71−0.01Yes
Thin-base segments removedCustomer satisfaction−0.40−0.30−0.53 to −0.040.10Yes
Thin-base segments removedEngagement indicator mean−0.66−0.64−0.75 to −0.490.02Yes
Thin-base segments removedIntent to leave0.580.560.48 to 0.63−0.02Yes
Note: a No interval for this check.

Each change was computed before rounding and may differ by 0.01 from the difference between the two printed values.

All 22 checks held. A check holds when its test falls on the same side of 0.05 as the primary test. Where the primary test falls below 0.05, the check must also keep the sign of the primary correlation. The thin-base check removes the engagements in any level of outsourcing model or process family with fewer than 30 engagements. Institution type is not used for that check, because every one of its levels has fewer than 30 engagements.

Measure Independence and Part-Whole Correction

Each of the four measures was computed from data the indicator does not contain. Each result is therefore a finding and not an arithmetic consequence.

Comparison with the Study Norm

Table 20. Comparison with the study normTable
MeasureThe indicator, oriented rStudy median, oriented rDeviationFisher zpHolm p
Cancellation rate−0.590.60−1.19−16.54< 0.001< 0.001
Customer satisfaction−0.640.72−1.35−20.09< 0.001< 0.001
Engagement indicator mean−0.660.84−1.49−24.19< 0.001< 0.001
Intent to leave−0.630.71−1.34−19.70< 0.001< 0.001
Spread of deviations0.31
VerdictDivergent

Each deviation was computed before rounding and may differ by 0.01 from the difference between the two printed values.

The comparison covered 150 engagements. The indicator departed from the study's typical pattern on all four measures. Its association was weaker than the norm on cancellation, customer satisfaction, the engagement indicator mean and intent to leave.

Comparison of Written Sentiment with Other Part 5 Indicators

Figure 6. Share of negative written responses, Part 5 indicators with 30 or more written responses (n = 13 indicators)Exhibit
0%25%50%75%100%C215C052C053C209C205C203C199C211C201C213C207C212C200C206Share of negative responsesMedian of the 13 indicators
Note: Each column is one indicator, ordered from the highest share of negative responses. The indicator is the amber column. The dashed line marks the median share, 98.03%.

Among the 13 Part 5 indicators with 30 or more written responses, the indicator's share of negative responses, 100.00%, ranked 1st from the highest, against a median of 98.03%. Its mean written score, −9.6, ranked 2nd from the most negative, against a median of −6.3.

Co-Occurring Indicators and Themes

Figure 7. Other indicators and themes in the same written responses (n = 23 responses)Exhibit
06.1612.3218.4824.64C21122 (95.65%)C15720 (86.96%)Theme: Human rework absorbs thefailure18 (78.26%)Theme: Occurs every cycle or most days14 (60.87%)C2128 (34.78%)Theme: Told vendor-side management7 (30.43%)Theme: Stated periodic rate6 (26.09%)C1594 (17.39%)C2133 (13.04%)C0183 (13.04%)Theme: Effort is invisible in thenumbers3 (13.04%)Theme: Raising it is futile ordiscouraged3 (13.04%)Theme: Not logged or only partlylogged3 (13.04%)Other indicatorsThemes
Note: Themes carry no score. Labels give the count and the share of the 23 responses. The figure shows each indicator and each theme among the five most frequent of its kind, with every tie at the cut. C211: “I have altered AI outputs” C157: “Rate the factual reliability of the AI tools' outputs on this engagement before any human review.” C212: “I discussed the AI output alteration with internal management” C159: “Rate the consistency of the tools' outputs when given the same input and instructions more than once.” C018: “How happy are you with your current job?” C213: “I or my management discussed AI output alteration with the client” Emotional states in the same responses, as counts: tired 3, resigned 1, stressed 1.

The indicator most often present in the same responses was C211, “I have altered AI outputs”, in 22 of the 23 responses (95.65%). C157, “Rate the factual reliability of the AI tools' outputs on this engagement before any human review.” (20 responses), C212, “I discussed the AI output alteration with internal management” (8 responses), C159, “Rate the consistency of the tools' outputs when given the same input and instructions more than once.” (4 responses) and C018, “How happy are you with your current job?” (3 responses) followed.

The most frequent theme was “Human rework absorbs the failure”, in 18 responses (78.26%). The second was “Occurs every cycle or most days”, in 14 responses.

Interpretation of the Data

Stronger agreement that the wider team regularly alters AI outputs came with more cancellation, lower customer satisfaction among active engagements, a lower engagement indicator mean and higher intent to leave, and every association held under each of the 22 robustness checks. Respondents on canceled engagements rated the statement well above those on the three active stages (mean 5.8, n = 228 respondents).

The written evidence describes the correction of AI outputs as constant, unrecorded work that kept the delivered output clean while leaving no trace of the work behind it. The associations do not establish that the corrections produced the outcomes. The written responses describe them as one response to the same instability in the AI outputs that the Part 5 ratings record.

Limitations

The evidence is the reported experience of the vendor's delivery teams, collected in a single cross-section. The associations reported here are not causal.

Tests by respondent role and by vendor type treated respondents as independent. The section on clustering reports how far clustering within engagements reduced the information in respondent-level figures.

Shares of written sentiment are shares of responses and not of the study set of respondents. The written score takes five fixed values, so its mean and median are coarse. Responses clustered within engagements (23 responses on 20 engagements). Intervals for written sentiment therefore used a bootstrap by engagement.

Definitions

Table 21. DefinitionsTable
TermDefinition
Response scaleA rating from 1 to 10 of agreement with the statement, with no good or bad end. No distressed range applies.
Answering baseRespondents who gave a rating from 1 to 10.
Non-answers“I do not know” and “I prefer to not answer” are counted separately and excluded from the mean.
Indicator classRespondent level: a value recorded for each respondent and computed across the respondents who answered.
Failure categoryThe five failure categories of the Study Taxonomy apply only to the rated indicators. The indicator is not a rated indicator and carries none.
Engagement indicator meanThe mean of an engagement's ratings across the rated indicators. The indicator does not enter it.
Written responseA written answer about the respondent's own engagement that addresses the indicator. Non-answers and answers about another engagement are excluded.
Primary and secondaryA primary response answered the written-answer question of the indicator's survey section. A secondary response answered a question in another section and addressed the indicator in its content.
Written sentiment scoreEach written response carries one of five scores: −10, −5, neutral, +5 or +10. The sign records whether the response described the state of the indicator as harmful or helpful to the engagement. The magnitude records its strength. A score of −10 marks a statement of totality, constancy or serious harm.
Cluster bootstrapAn interval computed by resampling engagements rather than responses, so that the responses from one engagement stay together.

Sources and Provenance

Table 22. Sources and provenanceTable
SourceValue
Study dataStudy Data.xlsx, Data sheet, column C215, sha256 219eba0457274d04
Statistics enginecompute_statistics.py, sha256 738319eef764602b
Statistics recordComputed Statistics.json, record C215, sha256 1ae50a3637fc9370
ComputedOctober 13, 2026, 04:57 UTC
TemplateIndicator Template v2, version 2.0 of 10 October 2026
Figures placed by script2,610
Written responsesQuotes Master.jsonl, sha256 27da38085e2b13fd
Written sentiment scoresQuote Coding Rulebook, version 0.6, with section 21
Written-response computationqa_stats.py, sha256 74a61f3a96169da9. wfacts.py, sha256 b85fae20adf812a1. build_indicator.py, sha256 a97ad6e74627e11e
Written-response recordsC215.qa.json, sha256 c0f7d143ed755f35. C215.wfacts.json, sha256 3f047ecbfb22ab06. Hand-written text handcraft/C215.json, sha256 2e31153c97283fbd

Continue the report

Executive summary →
Overview

Executive Summary

Four findings from 150 engagements

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Introduction

Introduction

Scope, evidence, and how the report is organized

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Part 1

Engagement Outcomes

Poor results on every measure, and what separates them

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Part 2

The Five Failure Categories

Where failure concentrates, category by category

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Part 3

Governance, Oversight, and Control

Controls that existed in name only

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Part 4

The Delivery Workforce

Early in their careers, dissatisfied, and many intending to leave

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Part 5

Manual Alteration

How the delivery team altered the work to sustain it

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Part 6

Executive Action Plan

Seven immediate actions and a first-year plan

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Appendices

Appendices

Definitions, indicator inventory, method, and disclosures

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Data

Study Data

Deep-dive analyses of the study indicators, published in stages

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