Rate how deliberately the quiet human fixes for third-party quirks were replaced with explicit checks when agents took over the work
Indicator C192 · By Phil Hatch · Akholi · October 9, 2026
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22 sectionsIndicator Specification
| Field | Value |
|---|---|
| Indicator code | C192 |
| Question as asked | Rate how deliberately the quiet human fixes for third-party quirks were replaced with explicit checks when agents took over the work. |
| Failure category | Third-party ecosystem |
| Place in the survey | Challenge Deep Dive > 5.5 3rd Party Ecosystem > The Disappearing Human Buffer |
| Indicator class | Respondent level |
| Indicator type | Rated, POS |
| Response scale | 1 to 10, higher is the better outcome |
| Answering base | 796 of 850 respondents, across 150 of 150 engagements |
| Non-answers | I do not know 0, I prefer to not answer 0, blank 54 |
| Written responses addressing the indicator | 9 responses from 9 respondents on 9 engagements (9 primary, 0 secondary) |
Summary of Findings
| Measure | Form | n | r | 95% CI | p |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Cancellation rate | Descriptive contrast | 150 engagements | −0.64 | −0.73 to −0.54 | < 0.001 |
| Customer satisfaction | Clean estimate | 94 engagements | 0.71 | 0.59 to 0.80 | < 0.001 |
| Engagement indicator mean | Leave-one-out | 150 engagements | 0.88 | 0.84 to 0.91 | < 0.001 |
| Intent to leave | Respondent level, clustered | 748 respondents | −0.65 | −0.71 to −0.59 | < 0.001 |
The mean rating was 4.6 and the median 5.0 (n = 796 respondents). Ratings of 3 or below, the distressed range, made up 33.54% of the answers. The rating was associated with all four study measures. Higher ratings came with less cancellation (r = −0.64, 95% CI −0.73 to −0.54, p < 0.001, n = 150 engagements), higher customer satisfaction among active engagements (r = 0.71, 95% CI 0.59 to 0.80, p < 0.001, n = 94 engagements), a higher engagement indicator mean computed without the indicator (r = 0.88, 95% CI 0.84 to 0.91, p < 0.001, n = 150 engagements) and lower intent to leave (r = −0.65, cluster bootstrap 95% CI −0.71 to −0.59, p < 0.001 with standard errors clustered by engagement, n = 748 respondents). After Holm correction, ratings differed by engagement status and lifecycle stage (Welch F 38.38, Holm p < 0.001, omega squared 0.402), respondent role (Welch F 8.30, Holm p = 0.003, omega squared 0.019) and vendor type (Welch F 3.30, Holm p = 0.034, omega squared 0.016).
Nine written responses addressed the indicator, all from C198, the comment field on the third-party ecosystem. Seven were negative, one positive and one neutral. Every negative response said that a correction people used to make by habit had not been turned into a check when the agent took the work over.
Distribution of Ratings
| Answer | Respondents | Share of answered (base 796) | Cumulative share | Engagements with at least one | Share of 150 engagements | Distressed |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 82 | 10.30% | 10.30% | 38 | 25.33% | Yes |
| 2 | 78 | 9.80% | 20.10% | 48 | 32.00% | Yes |
| 3 | 107 | 13.44% | 33.54% | 68 | 45.33% | Yes |
| 4 | 108 | 13.57% | 47.11% | 75 | 50.00% | No |
| 5 | 140 | 17.59% | 64.70% | 81 | 54.00% | No |
| 6 | 119 | 14.95% | 79.65% | 77 | 51.33% | No |
| 7 | 92 | 11.56% | 91.21% | 55 | 36.67% | No |
| 8 | 44 | 5.53% | 96.73% | 31 | 20.67% | No |
| 9 | 19 | 2.39% | 99.12% | 16 | 10.67% | No |
| 10 | 7 | 0.88% | 100.00% | 5 | 3.33% | No |
| I do not know | 0 | Not in base | Not in base | 0 | 0.00% | Not applicable |
| I prefer to not answer | 0 | Not in base | Not in base | 0 | 0.00% | Not applicable |
| Answered, total | 796 | 100.00% | 150 | 100.00% |
| Engagement level summary | Engagements | Mean of engagement means | SD | Min | Median | Max | Engagements with a distressed mean | Share of engagements distressed |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Engagement means, goodness view | 150 | 4.6 | 1.9 | 1.0 | 4.6 | 9.7 | 40 | 26.67% |
Ratings of 3 or below, the distressed range, accounted for 267 of the 796 answers (33.54%). The engagement mean fell in the distressed range in 40 of 150 engagements.
Coverage and Origin of Written Responses
| Origin | Responses | Respondents | Engagements | Negative | Strongest negative (−10) | Positive | Mean written score |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Primary | 9 | 9 | 9 | 7 of 9 | 6 of 9 | 1 of 9 | ‡ |
| Secondary | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | None |
| All responses | 9 | 9 | 9 | 7 of 9 | 6 of 9 | 1 of 9 | ‡ |
The nine responses were primary. Each answered C198, “Add any comments on the third-party ecosystem that the ratings in this section do not capture.” No response from any other question addressed the indicator.
Seven responses said a quiet human fix had not been turned into an explicit check. A person used to open the leavers file on a Monday and see when it looked wrong, and when the layout changed the deprovisioning agents processed nothing for four days, until a line manager asked why a former employee still had access. Two people knew the HR system dropped the middle name field and corrected it, and when the agent took the work over the correction simply stopped. One team member swapped old company identifiers on a bureau file from memory, and the respondent noted he was on leave the following month. Another respondent asked for a named owner and a date for turning the quirks absorbed by a few experienced people into checks the agent runs.
The single positive response described the remedy in practice: the team mapped the feeds that touched classification and put explicit checks where the old team had eyeballed and fixed the files, and called that part solved. The neutral response said the fixes had never been written down, so the question could not be answered.
Distribution of Written Sentiment
Six responses carried the strongest negative score of −10, one carried −5, one was neutral and one carried +10. With fewer than 10 responses, the distribution is reported as counts only.
Descriptive Statistics by Segment
| Segment | Base | Answered | Answer rate | Engagements | Mean | 95% CI | SD |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Study set | 850 | 796 | 93.65% of 850 | 150 | 4.6 | 4.4 to 4.7 | 2.2 |
| Outsourcing model | |||||||
| CXM | 232 | 215 | 92.67% of 232 | 42 | 5.0 | 4.6 to 5.3 | 2.3 |
| ITO | 244 | 234 | 95.90% of 244 | 40 | 4.5 | 4.3 to 4.8 | 2.0 |
| BPO | 209 | 198 | 94.74% of 209 | 37 | 4.2 | 3.9 to 4.6 | 2.2 |
| KPO | 165 | 149 | 90.30% of 165 | 31 | 4.5 | 4.2 to 4.9 | 2.2 |
| Institution type | |||||||
| Asset management | 132 | 122 | 92.42% of 132 | 24 | 4.3 | 3.9 to 4.7 | 2.0 |
| Wealth management and private banking | 140 | 135 | 96.43% of 140 | 23 | 4.9 | 4.5 to 5.2 | 1.9 |
| Investment banking (advisory and capital-markets origination) | 105 | 94 | 89.52% of 105 | 19 | 3.5 | 3.1 to 3.9 | 2.0 |
| Insurance (life, property and casualty, health) | 78 | 74 | 94.87% of 78 | 14 | 4.4 | 4.0 to 4.9 | 2.0 |
| Commercial and business banking | 82 | 75 | 91.46% of 82 | 13 | 5.1 | 4.7 to 5.6 | 1.9 |
| Payments and merchant acquiring (networks, acquiring, processing) | 71 | 64 | 90.14% of 71 | 13 | 4.5 | 3.9 to 5.1 | 2.4 |
| Credit card and payments issuing | 73 | 71 | 97.26% of 73 | 12 | 3.8 | 3.3 to 4.4 | 2.2 |
| Retail and consumer banking | 73 | 69 | 94.52% of 73 | 12 | 5.4 | 4.9 to 6.0 | 2.3 |
| Markets and trading (sales and trading, global markets) | 57 | 55 | 96.49% of 57 | 11 | 5.6 | 5.0 to 6.1 | 2.2 |
| Private equity and private capital | 39 | 37 | 94.87% of 39 | 9 | 4.9 | 4.0 to 5.7 | 2.6 |
| Process family | |||||||
| Corporate and back-office functions | 248 | 229 | 92.34% of 248 | 47 | 4.5 | 4.2 to 4.8 | 2.3 |
| Technology engineering and operations | 204 | 194 | 95.10% of 204 | 35 | 4.8 | 4.5 to 5.1 | 2.0 |
| Client servicing and communications | 94 | 90 | 95.74% of 94 | 16 | 4.0 | 3.6 to 4.5 | 2.1 |
| Trade, settlement and reconciliation | 80 | 76 | 95.00% of 80 | 15 | 4.0 | 3.4 to 4.5 | 2.3 |
| Payments, cards and disputes | 73 | 71 | 97.26% of 73 | 12 | 5.2 | 4.6 to 5.7 | 2.2 |
| Credit, underwriting and suitability | 57 | 52 | 91.23% of 57 | 9 | 5.4 | 4.9 to 5.8 | 1.6 |
| Regulatory, audit, tax and legal | 51 | 45 | 88.24% of 51 | 9 | 4.8 | 4.1 to 5.4 | 2.2 |
| Financial crime and client onboarding | 43 | 39 | 90.70% of 43 | 7 | 4.1 | 3.4 to 4.7 | 2.1 |
| Class of work | |||||||
| LOB Operational | 451 | 429 | 95.12% of 451 | 76 | 4.6 | 4.4 to 4.9 | 2.2 |
| Corporate Functional | 399 | 367 | 91.98% of 399 | 74 | 4.5 | 4.3 to 4.7 | 2.1 |
| Engagement status and lifecycle stage | |||||||
| Active, Build-Out | 175 | 160 | 91.43% of 175 | 31 | 5.4 | 5.1 to 5.6 | 1.8 |
| Active, Transition/Cut-Over | 250 | 237 | 94.80% of 250 | 43 | 5.6 | 5.4 to 5.9 | 1.9 |
| Active, Production | 103 | 97 | 94.17% of 103 | 20 | 5.4 | 5.0 to 5.7 | 1.9 |
| Canceled | 322 | 302 | 93.79% of 322 | 56 | 3.1 | 2.9 to 3.3 | 1.8 |
| Respondent role | |||||||
| Individual Contributor | 667 | 614 | 92.05% of 667 | 150 | 4.4 | 4.3 to 4.6 | 2.2 |
| Engagement Manager | 150 | 150 | 100.00% of 150 | 150 | 4.9 | 4.5 to 5.2 | 2.1 |
| Portfolio Director | 31 | 30 | 96.77% of 31 | 30 | 5.9 | 5.1 to 6.7 | 2.2 |
| Customer Management Executive | 2 | 2 | 2 of 2 | 2 | ‡ | ||
| Vendor type | |||||||
| IT services major | 316 | 296 | 93.67% of 316 | 59 | 4.7 | 4.4 to 4.9 | 2.0 |
| BPO specialist | 198 | 191 | 96.46% of 198 | 37 | 4.1 | 3.8 to 4.4 | 2.2 |
| Consulting firm | 117 | 106 | 90.60% of 117 | 23 | 4.7 | 4.3 to 5.1 | 2.2 |
| Boutique or specialist provider | 87 | 79 | 90.80% of 87 | 17 | 5.1 | 4.6 to 5.6 | 2.3 |
| Pure-play agentic AI firm | 75 | 71 | 94.67% of 75 | 14 | 4.9 | 4.4 to 5.5 | 2.3 |
| Not reported, recovered by engagement | 57 | 53 | 92.98% of 57 | 43 | 4.3 | 3.7 to 4.9 | 2.1 |
| Segment | Min | Q1 | Median | Q3 | Max | Distressed n | Distressed % |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Study set | 1.0 | 3.0 | 5.0 | 6.0 | 10.0 | 267 | 33.54% |
| Outsourcing model | |||||||
| CXM | 1.0 | 3.0 | 5.0 | 7.0 | 10.0 | 70 | 32.56% |
| ITO | 1.0 | 3.0 | 5.0 | 6.0 | 9.0 | 69 | 29.49% |
| BPO | 1.0 | 2.0 | 5.0 | 6.0 | 9.0 | 77 | 38.89% |
| KPO | 1.0 | 3.0 | 5.0 | 6.0 | 10.0 | 51 | 34.23% |
| Institution type | |||||||
| Asset management | 1.0 | 3.0 | 4.0 | 6.0 | 9.0 | 42 | 34.43% |
| Wealth management and private banking | 1.0 | 3.0 | 5.0 | 6.0 | 9.0 | 37 | 27.41% |
| Investment banking (advisory and capital-markets origination) | 1.0 | 2.0 | 3.0 | 5.0 | 8.0 | 51 | 54.26% |
| Insurance (life, property and casualty, health) | 1.0 | 3.0 | 5.0 | 6.0 | 8.0 | 23 | 31.08% |
| Commercial and business banking | 1.0 | 4.0 | 5.0 | 6.0 | 9.0 | 18 | 24.00% |
| Payments and merchant acquiring (networks, acquiring, processing) | 1.0 | 3.0 | 4.0 | 6.0 | 10.0 | 22 | 34.38% |
| Credit card and payments issuing | 1.0 | 2.0 | 4.0 | 6.0 | 9.0 | 35 | 49.30% |
| Retail and consumer banking | 1.0 | 4.0 | 6.0 | 7.0 | 10.0 | 16 | 23.19% |
| Markets and trading (sales and trading, global markets) | 1.0 | 4.0 | 6.0 | 7.0 | 10.0 | 11 | 20.00% |
| Private equity and private capital | 1.0 | 3.0 | 5.0 | 6.0 | 10.0 | 12 | 32.43% |
| Process family | |||||||
| Corporate and back-office functions | 1.0 | 3.0 | 5.0 | 6.0 | 10.0 | 89 | 38.86% |
| Technology engineering and operations | 1.0 | 3.3 | 5.0 | 6.0 | 10.0 | 49 | 25.26% |
| Client servicing and communications | 1.0 | 2.0 | 4.0 | 6.0 | 9.0 | 43 | 47.78% |
| Trade, settlement and reconciliation | 1.0 | 2.0 | 4.0 | 6.0 | 9.0 | 36 | 47.37% |
| Payments, cards and disputes | 1.0 | 4.0 | 5.0 | 6.5 | 10.0 | 17 | 23.94% |
| Credit, underwriting and suitability | 2.0 | 4.0 | 5.0 | 6.3 | 9.0 | 6 | 11.54% |
| Regulatory, audit, tax and legal | 1.0 | 4.0 | 5.0 | 7.0 | 9.0 | 11 | 24.44% |
| Financial crime and client onboarding | 1.0 | 2.0 | 4.0 | 5.5 | 9.0 | 16 | 41.03% |
| Class of work | |||||||
| LOB Operational | 1.0 | 3.0 | 5.0 | 6.0 | 10.0 | 142 | 33.10% |
| Corporate Functional | 1.0 | 3.0 | 5.0 | 6.0 | 10.0 | 125 | 34.06% |
| Engagement status and lifecycle stage | |||||||
| Active, Build-Out | 1.0 | 4.0 | 5.0 | 7.0 | 9.0 | 28 | 17.50% |
| Active, Transition/Cut-Over | 1.0 | 5.0 | 6.0 | 7.0 | 10.0 | 31 | 13.08% |
| Active, Production | 2.0 | 4.0 | 5.0 | 7.0 | 10.0 | 16 | 16.49% |
| Canceled | 1.0 | 2.0 | 3.0 | 4.0 | 9.0 | 192 | 63.58% |
| Respondent role | |||||||
| Individual Contributor | 1.0 | 3.0 | 5.0 | 6.0 | 10.0 | 217 | 35.34% |
| Engagement Manager | 1.0 | 3.0 | 5.0 | 6.0 | 10.0 | 44 | 29.33% |
| Portfolio Director | 2.0 | 4.3 | 6.0 | 7.0 | 10.0 | 6 | 20.00% |
| Customer Management Executive | ‡ n = 2 | ||||||
| Vendor type | |||||||
| IT services major | 1.0 | 3.0 | 5.0 | 6.0 | 10.0 | 88 | 29.73% |
| BPO specialist | 1.0 | 2.0 | 4.0 | 5.0 | 10.0 | 84 | 43.98% |
| Consulting firm | 1.0 | 3.0 | 5.0 | 6.0 | 10.0 | 30 | 28.30% |
| Boutique or specialist provider | 1.0 | 3.5 | 5.0 | 7.0 | 9.0 | 20 | 25.32% |
| Pure-play agentic AI firm | 1.0 | 2.5 | 5.0 | 7.0 | 9.0 | 24 | 33.80% |
| Not reported, recovered by engagement | 1.0 | 3.0 | 4.0 | 6.0 | 9.0 | 21 | 39.62% |
Every figure in the segment tables is at respondent level. Segments with fewer than 30 respondents carry no interval. Segments with fewer than 10 report counts only.
Tests of Difference Between Segments
| Segment family | Welch F | df | p | Holm p | Omega squared | 90% CI |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Outsourcing model | 0.81 | 3, 78.6 | 0.490 | 1.000 | −0.001 | 0.000 to 0.052 |
| Institution type | 1.81 | 8, 49.0 | 0.098 | 0.390 | 0.050 | 0.000 to 0.141 |
| Process family | 1.03 | 4, 38.8 | 0.405 | 1.000 | 0.004 | 0.000 to 0.075 |
| Class of work | 0.13 | 1, 147.9 | 0.716 | 1.000 | −0.006 | 0.000 to 0.024 |
| Engagement status and lifecycle stage | 38.38 | 3, 59.0 | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | 0.402 | 0.307 to 0.490 |
| Respondent role | 8.30 | 2, 73.1 | < 0.001 | 0.003 | 0.019 | 0.007 to 0.039 |
| Vendor type | 3.30 | 5, 228.1 | 0.007 | 0.034 | 0.016 | 0.004 to 0.036 |
| Segment family | Kruskal-Wallis H | p | Distressed chi-square | df | p | Cramer's V | Levels excluded |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Outsourcing model | 2.24 | 0.524 | 1.00 | 3 | 0.801 | 0.08 | None |
| Institution type | 14.49 | 0.070 | 14.06 | 8 | 0.076, simulated | 0.32 | Private equity and private capital, n = 9 |
| Process family | 4.32 | 0.364 | 2.65 | 4 | 0.629, simulated | 0.15 | Credit, underwriting and suitability, n = 9, Regulatory, audit, tax and legal, n = 9, Financial crime and client onboarding, n = 7 |
| Class of work | 0.04 | 0.848 | 0.70 | 1 | 0.403 | 0.07 | None |
| Engagement status and lifecycle stage | 64.76 | < 0.001 | 48.53 | 3 | < 0.001 | 0.57 | None |
| Respondent role | 15.50 | < 0.001 | 4.54 | 2 | 0.103 | 0.08 | Customer Management Executive, n = 2 |
| Vendor type | 19.62 | 0.001 | 15.85 | 5 | 0.007 | 0.14 | None |
Segment families recorded at engagement level were tested on engagement means. Respondent role and vendor type were tested on respondents. Where an expected count fell below 5, the test of the distressed share used Fisher's exact test for a two-by-two table, marked exact, or a Monte Carlo test, marked simulated. After Holm correction, ratings differed by engagement status and lifecycle stage (Welch F 38.38, Holm p < 0.001, omega squared 0.402). Active engagements in Transition/Cut-Over rated highest (mean 5.6, n = 237 respondents) and canceled engagements lowest (mean 3.1, n = 302 respondents). Ratings also differed by respondent role (Welch F 8.30, Holm p = 0.003, omega squared 0.019). Portfolio directors rated highest (mean 5.9, n = 30 respondents) and individual contributors lowest (mean 4.4, n = 614 respondents). Ratings also differed by vendor type (Welch F 3.30, Holm p = 0.034, omega squared 0.016). Boutique or specialist providers rated highest (mean 5.1, n = 79 respondents) and BPO specialists lowest (mean 4.1, n = 191 respondents). Outsourcing model, institution type, process family and class of work showed no difference.
Association with Cancellation Rate
Cancellation rate is the share of engagements canceled by the study date, measured at engagement level (150 engagements, 56 canceled). Canceled engagements were rated after cancellation. The association is therefore a descriptive contrast and not a forecast of cancellation.
| Segment | Engagements | Canceled | Cancellation rate | Point-biserial r | 95% CI | p | Holm p |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Study set | 150 | 56 | 37.33% of 150 | −0.64 | −0.73 to −0.54 | < 0.001 | < 0.001 |
| Outsourcing model | |||||||
| CXM | 42 | 15 | 35.71% of 42 | −0.64 | −0.79 to −0.41 | < 0.001 | < 0.001 |
| ITO | 40 | 15 | 37.50% of 40 | −0.57 | −0.75 to −0.32 | < 0.001 | 0.001 |
| BPO | 37 | 14 | 37.84% of 37 | −0.72 | −0.85 to −0.52 | < 0.001 | < 0.001 |
| KPO | 31 | 12 | 38.71% of 31 | −0.68 | −0.83 to −0.42 | < 0.001 | < 0.001 |
| Institution type | |||||||
| Asset management | 24 | 13 | 54.17% of 24 | −0.74 | † | < 0.001 | < 0.001 |
| Wealth management and private banking | 23 | 8 | 34.78% of 23 | −0.67 | † | < 0.001 | 0.005 |
| Investment banking (advisory and capital-markets origination) | 19 | 9 | 47.37% of 19 | −0.57 | † | 0.011 | 0.066 |
| Insurance (life, property and casualty, health) | 14 | 5 | 35.71% of 14 | −0.71 | † | 0.004 | 0.037 |
| Commercial and business banking | 13 | 4 | 30.77% of 13 | −0.53 | † | 0.061 | 0.107 |
| Payments and merchant acquiring (networks, acquiring, processing) | 13 | 3 | 23.08% of 13 | −0.59 | † | 0.036 | 0.107 |
| Credit card and payments issuing | 12 | 5 | 41.67% of 12 | −0.74 | † | 0.006 | 0.043 |
| Retail and consumer banking | 12 | 4 | 33.33% of 12 | −0.66 | † | 0.020 | 0.098 |
| Markets and trading (sales and trading, global markets) | 11 | 3 | 27.27% of 11 | −0.63 | † | 0.040 | 0.107 |
| Private equity and private capital | 9 | 2 | 2 of 9 | ‡ | |||
| Process family | |||||||
| Corporate and back-office functions | 47 | 19 | 40.43% of 47 | −0.65 | −0.79 to −0.44 | < 0.001 | < 0.001 |
| Technology engineering and operations | 35 | 10 | 28.57% of 35 | −0.59 | −0.77 to −0.32 | < 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Client servicing and communications | 16 | 9 | 56.25% of 16 | −0.66 | † | 0.005 | 0.043 |
| Trade, settlement and reconciliation | 15 | 8 | 53.33% of 15 | −0.76 | † | 0.001 | 0.010 |
| Payments, cards and disputes | 12 | 2 | 16.67% of 12 | −0.64 | † | 0.025 | 0.100 |
| Credit, underwriting and suitability | 9 | 1 | 1 of 9 | ‡ | |||
| Regulatory, audit, tax and legal | 9 | 4 | 4 of 9 | ‡ | |||
| Financial crime and client onboarding | 7 | 3 | 3 of 7 | ‡ | |||
| Class of work | |||||||
| LOB Operational | 76 | 30 | 39.47% of 76 | −0.62 | −0.74 to −0.46 | < 0.001 | < 0.001 |
| Corporate Functional | 74 | 26 | 35.14% of 74 | −0.67 | −0.78 to −0.52 | < 0.001 | < 0.001 |
| Engagement status and lifecycle stage | |||||||
| Active, Build-Out | 31 | 0 | 0.00% of 31 | a | |||
| Active, Transition/Cut-Over | 43 | 0 | 0.00% of 43 | a | |||
| Active, Production | 20 | 0 | 0.00% of 20 | a | |||
| Canceled | 56 | 56 | 100.00% of 56 | a |
| Segment | Odds ratio per point | 95% CI | AUC | Rate, distressed engagements | Rate, other engagements | Fisher p | TOST p |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Study set | 0.30 | 0.21 to 0.44 | 0.89 | 82.50% of 40 | 20.91% of 110 | < 0.001 | 1.000 |
| Outsourcing model | |||||||
| CXM | 0.34 | 0.18 to 0.65 | 0.90 | 81.82% of 11 | 19.35% of 31 | < 0.001 | 0.997 |
| ITO | 0.34 | 0.17 to 0.68 | 0.85 | 6 of 9 | 29.03% of 31 | 0.057 | 0.981 |
| BPO | 0.19 | 0.07 to 0.54 | 0.94 | 91.67% of 12 | 12.00% of 25 | < 0.001 | 1.000 |
| KPO | 0.28 | 0.12 to 0.65 | 0.91 | 7 of 8 | 21.74% of 23 | 0.002 | 0.997 |
| Institution type | |||||||
| Asset management | 0.18 | † n = 24 | 0.92 | 8 of 8 | 31.25% of 16 | 0.002 | 0.998 |
| Wealth management and private banking | 0.20 | † n = 23 | 0.91 | 3 of 3 | 25.00% of 20 | 0.032 | 0.989 |
| Investment banking (advisory and capital-markets origination) | 0.41 | † n = 19 | 0.85 | 60.00% of 10 | 3 of 9 | 0.370 | 0.911 |
| Insurance (life, property and casualty, health) | 0.20 | † n = 14 | 0.91 | 3 of 3 | 18.18% of 11 | 0.027 | 0.974 |
| Commercial and business banking | 0.39 | † n = 13 | 0.81 | 2 of 2 | 18.18% of 11 | 0.077 | 0.816 |
| Payments and merchant acquiring (networks, acquiring, processing) | 0.21 | † n = 13 | 0.98 | 3 of 4 | 0 of 9 | 0.014 | 0.873 |
| Credit card and payments issuing | 0.01 | † n = 12 | 0.97 | 4 of 5 | 1 of 7 | 0.072 | 0.972 |
| Retail and consumer banking | 0.31 | † n = 12 | 0.88 | 2 of 2 | 20.00% of 10 | 0.091 | 0.926 |
| Markets and trading (sales and trading, global markets) | 0.27 | † n = 11 | 0.88 | 0 of 1 | 30.00% of 10 | 1.000 | 0.885 |
| Private equity and private capital | ‡ n = 9 | ||||||
| Process family | |||||||
| Corporate and back-office functions | 0.33 | 0.18 to 0.62 | 0.89 | 80.00% of 15 | 21.88% of 32 | < 0.001 | 0.999 |
| Technology engineering and operations | 0.31 | 0.14 to 0.68 | 0.89 | 5 of 8 | 18.52% of 27 | 0.027 | 0.983 |
| Client servicing and communications | 0.32 | † n = 16 | 0.87 | 5 of 5 | 36.36% of 11 | 0.034 | 0.959 |
| Trade, settlement and reconciliation | 0.21 | † n = 15 | 0.93 | 6 of 6 | 2 of 9 | 0.007 | 0.991 |
| Payments, cards and disputes | 0.16 | † n = 12 | 1.00 | 2 of 2 | 0.00% of 10 | 0.015 | 0.911 |
| Credit, underwriting and suitability | ‡ n = 9 | ||||||
| Regulatory, audit, tax and legal | ‡ n = 9 | ||||||
| Financial crime and client onboarding | ‡ n = 7 | ||||||
| Class of work | |||||||
| LOB Operational | 0.35 | 0.22 to 0.55 | 0.88 | 88.89% of 18 | 24.14% of 58 | < 0.001 | 1.000 |
| Corporate Functional | 0.24 | 0.13 to 0.46 | 0.91 | 77.27% of 22 | 17.31% of 52 | < 0.001 | 1.000 |
| Engagement status and lifecycle stage | |||||||
| Active, Build-Out | a | ||||||
| Active, Transition/Cut-Over | a | ||||||
| Active, Production | a | ||||||
| Canceled | a |
Across the study set, higher ratings came with less cancellation (r = −0.64, 95% CI −0.73 to −0.54, Holm p < 0.001, n = 150 engagements). The association held after Holm correction in fourteen of the 20 segment levels tested.
Association with Customer Satisfaction
Customer satisfaction is the percentage recorded against each engagement. The primary estimate uses the 94 active engagements. A descriptive contrast uses all 150 engagements.
| Segment | Active engagements | Clean r | 95% CI | p | Holm p | Spearman rho | p |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Study set | 94 | 0.71 | 0.59 to 0.80 | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | 0.70 | < 0.001 |
| Outsourcing model | |||||||
| CXM | 27 | 0.85 | † | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | 0.88 | < 0.001 |
| ITO | 25 | 0.64 | † | < 0.001 | 0.004 | 0.70 | < 0.001 |
| BPO | 23 | 0.76 | † | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | 0.70 | < 0.001 |
| KPO | 19 | 0.64 | † | 0.003 | 0.014 | 0.56 | 0.013 |
| Institution type | |||||||
| Asset management | 11 | 0.80 | † | 0.003 | 0.014 | 0.79 | 0.004 |
| Wealth management and private banking | 15 | 0.66 | † | 0.008 | 0.023 | 0.61 | 0.016 |
| Investment banking (advisory and capital-markets origination) | 10 | 0.58 | † | 0.082 | 0.096 | 0.47 | 0.174 |
| Insurance (life, property and casualty, health) | 9 | ‡ | |||||
| Commercial and business banking | 9 | ‡ | |||||
| Payments and merchant acquiring (networks, acquiring, processing) | 10 | 0.94 | † | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | 0.89 | < 0.001 |
| Credit card and payments issuing | 7 | ‡ | |||||
| Retail and consumer banking | 8 | ‡ | |||||
| Markets and trading (sales and trading, global markets) | 8 | ‡ | |||||
| Private equity and private capital | 7 | ‡ | |||||
| Process family | |||||||
| Corporate and back-office functions | 28 | 0.79 | † | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | 0.76 | < 0.001 |
| Technology engineering and operations | 25 | 0.64 | † | < 0.001 | 0.004 | 0.70 | < 0.001 |
| Client servicing and communications | 7 | ‡ | |||||
| Trade, settlement and reconciliation | 7 | ‡ | |||||
| Payments, cards and disputes | 10 | 0.64 | † | 0.048 | 0.096 | 0.45 | 0.192 |
| Credit, underwriting and suitability | 8 | ‡ | |||||
| Regulatory, audit, tax and legal | 5 | ‡ | |||||
| Financial crime and client onboarding | 4 | ‡ | |||||
| Class of work | |||||||
| LOB Operational | 46 | 0.71 | 0.52 to 0.83 | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | 0.66 | < 0.001 |
| Corporate Functional | 48 | 0.72 | 0.55 to 0.83 | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | 0.73 | < 0.001 |
| Engagement status and lifecycle stage | |||||||
| Active, Build-Out | 31 | 0.62 | 0.34 to 0.80 | < 0.001 | 0.002 | 0.65 | < 0.001 |
| Active, Transition/Cut-Over | 43 | 0.75 | 0.59 to 0.86 | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | 0.74 | < 0.001 |
| Active, Production | 20 | 0.73 | † | < 0.001 | 0.002 | 0.67 | 0.001 |
| Canceled | 0 | a |
| Segment | Slope, points per rating point | 95% CI | R squared | TOST p | All engagements | Descriptive r | p |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Study set | 5.21 | 4.14 to 6.29 | 0.50 | 1.000 | 150 | 0.76 | < 0.001 |
| Outsourcing model | |||||||
| CXM | 5.84 | † n = 27 | 0.72 | 1.000 | 42 | 0.81 | < 0.001 |
| ITO | 4.62 | † n = 25 | 0.41 | 0.983 | 40 | 0.68 | < 0.001 |
| BPO | 5.72 | † n = 23 | 0.58 | 0.999 | 37 | 0.81 | < 0.001 |
| KPO | 5.52 | † n = 19 | 0.42 | 0.966 | 31 | 0.78 | < 0.001 |
| Institution type | |||||||
| Asset management | 6.24 | † n = 11 | 0.65 | 0.988 | 24 | 0.77 | < 0.001 |
| Wealth management and private banking | 5.05 | † n = 15 | 0.43 | 0.952 | 23 | 0.76 | < 0.001 |
| Investment banking (advisory and capital-markets origination) | 4.18 | † n = 10 | 0.33 | 0.820 | 19 | 0.68 | 0.001 |
| Insurance (life, property and casualty, health) | ‡ n = 9 | ||||||
| Commercial and business banking | ‡ n = 9 | ||||||
| Payments and merchant acquiring (networks, acquiring, processing) | 6.43 | † n = 10 | 0.88 | 1.000 | 13 | 0.86 | < 0.001 |
| Credit card and payments issuing | ‡ n = 7 | ||||||
| Retail and consumer banking | ‡ n = 8 | ||||||
| Markets and trading (sales and trading, global markets) | ‡ n = 8 | ||||||
| Private equity and private capital | ‡ n = 7 | ||||||
| Process family | |||||||
| Corporate and back-office functions | 5.55 | † n = 28 | 0.62 | 1.000 | 47 | 0.79 | < 0.001 |
| Technology engineering and operations | 4.71 | † n = 25 | 0.41 | 0.982 | 35 | 0.74 | < 0.001 |
| Client servicing and communications | ‡ n = 7 | ||||||
| Trade, settlement and reconciliation | ‡ n = 7 | ||||||
| Payments, cards and disputes | 3.98 | † n = 10 | 0.40 | 0.879 | 12 | 0.79 | 0.002 |
| Credit, underwriting and suitability | ‡ n = 8 | ||||||
| Regulatory, audit, tax and legal | ‡ n = 5 | ||||||
| Financial crime and client onboarding | ‡ n = 4 | ||||||
| Class of work | |||||||
| LOB Operational | 5.50 | 3.83 to 7.17 | 0.50 | 1.000 | 76 | 0.73 | < 0.001 |
| Corporate Functional | 4.93 | 3.52 to 6.34 | 0.52 | 1.000 | 74 | 0.79 | < 0.001 |
| Engagement status and lifecycle stage | |||||||
| Active, Build-Out | 4.17 | 2.15 to 6.20 | 0.38 | 0.985 | 31 | 0.62 | < 0.001 |
| Active, Transition/Cut-Over | 6.03 | 4.37 to 7.68 | 0.57 | 1.000 | 43 | 0.75 | < 0.001 |
| Active, Production | 4.85 | † | 0.53 | 0.995 | 20 | 0.73 | < 0.001 |
| Canceled | a |
Across the active engagements, higher ratings came with higher customer satisfaction (r = 0.71, 95% CI 0.59 to 0.80, Holm p < 0.001, n = 94 engagements). The association held after Holm correction in fourteen of the 16 segment levels tested.
Association with the Engagement Indicator Mean
The engagement indicator mean is the mean of an engagement's ratings across the rated indicators, measured at engagement level (150 engagements). The indicator is one of the rated indicators. Each comparison therefore uses the mean recomputed without it.
| Segment | Engagements | Leave-one-out r | 95% CI | p | Holm p | Spearman rho | p |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Study set | 150 | 0.88 | 0.84 to 0.91 | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | 0.88 | < 0.001 |
| Outsourcing model | |||||||
| CXM | 42 | 0.88 | 0.79 to 0.94 | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | 0.87 | < 0.001 |
| ITO | 40 | 0.81 | 0.66 to 0.89 | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | 0.81 | < 0.001 |
| BPO | 37 | 0.92 | 0.86 to 0.96 | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | 0.90 | < 0.001 |
| KPO | 31 | 0.90 | 0.80 to 0.95 | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | 0.93 | < 0.001 |
| Institution type | |||||||
| Asset management | 24 | 0.90 | † | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | 0.90 | < 0.001 |
| Wealth management and private banking | 23 | 0.80 | † | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | 0.78 | < 0.001 |
| Investment banking (advisory and capital-markets origination) | 19 | 0.89 | † | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | 0.89 | < 0.001 |
| Insurance (life, property and casualty, health) | 14 | 0.92 | † | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | 0.88 | < 0.001 |
| Commercial and business banking | 13 | 0.86 | † | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | 0.87 | < 0.001 |
| Payments and merchant acquiring (networks, acquiring, processing) | 13 | 0.95 | † | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | 0.93 | < 0.001 |
| Credit card and payments issuing | 12 | 0.92 | † | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | 0.89 | < 0.001 |
| Retail and consumer banking | 12 | 0.84 | † | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | 0.84 | < 0.001 |
| Markets and trading (sales and trading, global markets) | 11 | 0.91 | † | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | 0.68 | 0.021 |
| Private equity and private capital | 9 | ‡ | |||||
| Process family | |||||||
| Corporate and back-office functions | 47 | 0.92 | 0.86 to 0.95 | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | 0.90 | < 0.001 |
| Technology engineering and operations | 35 | 0.83 | 0.69 to 0.91 | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | 0.85 | < 0.001 |
| Client servicing and communications | 16 | 0.88 | † | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | 0.77 | < 0.001 |
| Trade, settlement and reconciliation | 15 | 0.95 | † | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | 0.90 | < 0.001 |
| Payments, cards and disputes | 12 | 0.91 | † | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | 0.86 | < 0.001 |
| Credit, underwriting and suitability | 9 | ‡ | |||||
| Regulatory, audit, tax and legal | 9 | ‡ | |||||
| Financial crime and client onboarding | 7 | ‡ | |||||
| Class of work | |||||||
| LOB Operational | 76 | 0.86 | 0.79 to 0.91 | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | 0.86 | < 0.001 |
| Corporate Functional | 74 | 0.90 | 0.85 to 0.94 | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | 0.90 | < 0.001 |
| Engagement status and lifecycle stage | |||||||
| Active, Build-Out | 31 | 0.77 | 0.58 to 0.89 | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | 0.81 | < 0.001 |
| Active, Transition/Cut-Over | 43 | 0.84 | 0.73 to 0.91 | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | 0.79 | < 0.001 |
| Active, Production | 20 | 0.90 | † | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | 0.92 | < 0.001 |
| Canceled | 56 | 0.62 | 0.43 to 0.76 | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | 0.56 | < 0.001 |
| Segment | r with indicator included | Change in r | Slope | 95% CI | R squared | TOST p | Equivalent |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Study set | 0.88 | 0.00 | 0.68 | 0.63 to 0.74 | 0.78 | 1.000 | No |
| Outsourcing model | |||||||
| CXM | 0.89 | 0.00 | 0.66 | 0.55 to 0.77 | 0.78 | 1.000 | No |
| ITO | 0.81 | 0.00 | 0.65 | 0.49 to 0.81 | 0.65 | 1.000 | No |
| BPO | 0.93 | 0.00 | 0.66 | 0.57 to 0.76 | 0.85 | 1.000 | No |
| KPO | 0.90 | 0.00 | 0.78 | 0.63 to 0.92 | 0.81 | 1.000 | No |
| Institution type | |||||||
| Asset management | 0.90 | 0.00 | 0.78 | † n = 24 | 0.80 | 1.000 | No |
| Wealth management and private banking | 0.80 | 0.00 | 0.73 | † n = 23 | 0.63 | 1.000 | No |
| Investment banking (advisory and capital-markets origination) | 0.89 | 0.00 | 0.56 | † n = 19 | 0.78 | 1.000 | No |
| Insurance (life, property and casualty, health) | 0.92 | 0.00 | 0.79 | † n = 14 | 0.84 | 1.000 | No |
| Commercial and business banking | 0.86 | 0.00 | 0.75 | † n = 13 | 0.74 | 0.999 | No |
| Payments and merchant acquiring (networks, acquiring, processing) | 0.95 | 0.00 | 0.68 | † n = 13 | 0.90 | 1.000 | No |
| Credit card and payments issuing | 0.92 | 0.00 | 0.64 | † n = 12 | 0.85 | 1.000 | No |
| Retail and consumer banking | 0.84 | 0.00 | 0.69 | † n = 12 | 0.70 | 0.997 | No |
| Markets and trading (sales and trading, global markets) | 0.91 | 0.00 | 0.74 | † n = 11 | 0.82 | 1.000 | No |
| Private equity and private capital | ‡ n = 9 | ||||||
| Process family | |||||||
| Corporate and back-office functions | 0.92 | 0.00 | 0.71 | 0.62 to 0.80 | 0.85 | 1.000 | No |
| Technology engineering and operations | 0.83 | 0.00 | 0.64 | 0.49 to 0.80 | 0.69 | 1.000 | No |
| Client servicing and communications | 0.89 | 0.00 | 0.76 | † n = 16 | 0.78 | 1.000 | No |
| Trade, settlement and reconciliation | 0.95 | 0.00 | 0.65 | † n = 15 | 0.90 | 1.000 | No |
| Payments, cards and disputes | 0.91 | 0.00 | 0.56 | † n = 12 | 0.83 | 1.000 | No |
| Credit, underwriting and suitability | ‡ n = 9 | ||||||
| Regulatory, audit, tax and legal | ‡ n = 9 | ||||||
| Financial crime and client onboarding | ‡ n = 7 | ||||||
| Class of work | |||||||
| LOB Operational | 0.87 | 0.00 | 0.66 | 0.57 to 0.75 | 0.75 | 1.000 | No |
| Corporate Functional | 0.91 | 0.00 | 0.71 | 0.63 to 0.79 | 0.82 | 1.000 | No |
| Engagement status and lifecycle stage | |||||||
| Active, Build-Out | 0.78 | −0.01 | 0.58 | 0.40 to 0.76 | 0.60 | 1.000 | No |
| Active, Transition/Cut-Over | 0.85 | 0.00 | 0.64 | 0.51 to 0.77 | 0.71 | 1.000 | No |
| Active, Production | 0.90 | 0.00 | 0.71 | † n = 20 | 0.81 | 1.000 | No |
| Canceled | 0.63 | −0.01 | 0.32 | 0.21 to 0.42 | 0.39 | 0.999 | No |
Higher ratings came with a higher engagement indicator mean (r = 0.88, 95% CI 0.84 to 0.91, Holm p < 0.001, n = 150 engagements). The association held after Holm correction in twenty-four of the 24 segment levels tested.
Association with Intent to Leave
Intent to leave is the answer to C019, “How likely are you to leave your current job in the next 12 months?”, rated 1 to 10. It is measured at respondent level on up to 798 respondents, with the engagement-level form reported alongside.
| Segment | Respondents | r | 95% CI | Cluster bootstrap 95% CI | p | Holm p |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Study set | 748 | −0.65 | −0.69 to −0.61 | −0.71 to −0.59 | < 0.001 | < 0.001 |
| Outsourcing model | ||||||
| CXM | 201 | −0.66 | −0.73 to −0.57 | −0.76 to −0.52 | < 0.001 | < 0.001 |
| ITO | 223 | −0.61 | −0.68 to −0.51 | −0.72 to −0.46 | < 0.001 | < 0.001 |
| BPO | 186 | −0.73 | −0.79 to −0.66 | −0.82 to −0.60 | < 0.001 | < 0.001 |
| KPO | 138 | −0.62 | −0.71 to −0.50 | −0.73 to −0.46 | < 0.001 | < 0.001 |
| Institution type | ||||||
| Asset management | 114 | −0.66 | −0.75 to −0.54 | −0.80 to −0.44 | < 0.001 | < 0.001 |
| Wealth management and private banking | 127 | −0.65 | −0.74 to −0.53 | −0.77 to −0.47 | < 0.001 | < 0.001 |
| Investment banking (advisory and capital-markets origination) | 88 | −0.54 | −0.67 to −0.37 | −0.74 to −0.24 | < 0.001 | < 0.001 |
| Insurance (life, property and casualty, health) | 67 | −0.77 | −0.85 to −0.65 | −0.87 to −0.58 | < 0.001 | < 0.001 |
| Commercial and business banking | 69 | −0.42 | −0.60 to −0.21 | −0.70 to −0.06 | < 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Payments and merchant acquiring (networks, acquiring, processing) | 63 | −0.77 | −0.86 to −0.65 | −0.88 to −0.63 | < 0.001 | < 0.001 |
| Credit card and payments issuing | 68 | −0.71 | −0.81 to −0.57 | −0.81 to −0.54 | < 0.001 | < 0.001 |
| Retail and consumer banking | 63 | −0.65 | −0.77 to −0.47 | −0.82 to −0.37 | < 0.001 | < 0.001 |
| Markets and trading (sales and trading, global markets) | 53 | −0.69 | −0.81 to −0.52 | −0.77 to −0.56 | < 0.001 | < 0.001 |
| Private equity and private capital | 36 | −0.70 | −0.84 to −0.49 | § n = 9 | < 0.001 | < 0.001 |
| Process family | ||||||
| Corporate and back-office functions | 209 | −0.69 | −0.75 to −0.61 | −0.77 to −0.58 | < 0.001 | < 0.001 |
| Technology engineering and operations | 185 | −0.64 | −0.72 to −0.55 | −0.75 to −0.48 | < 0.001 | < 0.001 |
| Client servicing and communications | 86 | −0.62 | −0.73 to −0.47 | −0.78 to −0.27 | < 0.001 | < 0.001 |
| Trade, settlement and reconciliation | 71 | −0.75 | −0.84 to −0.62 | −0.88 to −0.47 | < 0.001 | < 0.001 |
| Payments, cards and disputes | 68 | −0.64 | −0.76 to −0.47 | −0.81 to −0.28 | < 0.001 | < 0.001 |
| Credit, underwriting and suitability | 48 | −0.36 | −0.58 to −0.08 | § n = 9 | 0.012 | 0.024 |
| Regulatory, audit, tax and legal | 43 | −0.64 | −0.79 to −0.42 | § n = 9 | < 0.001 | < 0.001 |
| Financial crime and client onboarding | 38 | −0.58 | −0.76 to −0.32 | § n = 7 | < 0.001 | < 0.001 |
| Class of work | ||||||
| LOB Operational | 404 | −0.62 | −0.68 to −0.56 | −0.70 to −0.53 | < 0.001 | < 0.001 |
| Corporate Functional | 344 | −0.70 | −0.75 to −0.64 | −0.77 to −0.60 | < 0.001 | < 0.001 |
| Engagement status and lifecycle stage | ||||||
| Active, Build-Out | 152 | −0.53 | −0.64 to −0.41 | −0.68 to −0.34 | < 0.001 | < 0.001 |
| Active, Transition/Cut-Over | 226 | −0.60 | −0.68 to −0.51 | −0.70 to −0.49 | < 0.001 | < 0.001 |
| Active, Production | 89 | −0.54 | −0.68 to −0.38 | −0.71 to −0.32 | < 0.001 | < 0.001 |
| Canceled | 281 | −0.11 | −0.22 to 0.01 | −0.25 to 0.04 | 0.078 | 0.078 |
| Respondent role | ||||||
| Individual Contributor | 567 | −0.65 | −0.70 to −0.60 | −0.72 to −0.58 | < 0.001 | < 0.001 |
| Engagement Manager | 150 | −0.65 | −0.73 to −0.55 | −0.73 to −0.56 | < 0.001 | < 0.001 |
| Portfolio Director | 30 | −0.59 | −0.78 to −0.29 | −0.78 to −0.31 | < 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Customer Management Executive | 1 | ‡ | ||||
| Vendor type | ||||||
| IT services major | 283 | −0.64 | −0.70 to −0.56 | −0.72 to −0.53 | < 0.001 | < 0.001 |
| BPO specialist | 176 | −0.65 | −0.73 to −0.56 | −0.77 to −0.50 | < 0.001 | < 0.001 |
| Consulting firm | 98 | −0.66 | −0.76 to −0.54 | −0.77 to −0.52 | < 0.001 | < 0.001 |
| Boutique or specialist provider | 74 | −0.66 | −0.77 to −0.51 | −0.80 to −0.45 | < 0.001 | < 0.001 |
| Pure-play agentic AI firm | 68 | −0.76 | −0.84 to −0.63 | −0.88 to −0.56 | < 0.001 | < 0.001 |
| Not reported, recovered by engagement | 49 | −0.56 | −0.73 to −0.33 | −0.76 to −0.30 | < 0.001 | < 0.001 |
| Segment | Spearman rho | p | Share at 7 or above, distressed | Share at 7 or above, other | Engagements | Engagement level r | 95% CI | TOST p |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Study set | −0.65 | < 0.001 | 88.45% of 251 | 36.22% of 497 | 150 | −0.76 | −0.82 to −0.68 | 1.000 |
| Outsourcing model | ||||||||
| CXM | −0.65 | < 0.001 | 79.69% of 64 | 29.93% of 137 | 42 | −0.77 | −0.87 to −0.60 | 1.000 |
| ITO | −0.59 | < 0.001 | 94.03% of 67 | 43.59% of 156 | 40 | −0.69 | −0.82 to −0.48 | 0.999 |
| BPO | −0.74 | < 0.001 | 88.89% of 72 | 31.58% of 114 | 37 | −0.83 | −0.91 to −0.69 | 1.000 |
| KPO | −0.60 | < 0.001 | 91.67% of 48 | 38.89% of 90 | 31 | −0.75 | −0.87 to −0.53 | 1.000 |
| Institution type | ||||||||
| Asset management | −0.64 | < 0.001 | 97.50% of 40 | 50.00% of 74 | 24 | −0.78 | † | 1.000 |
| Wealth management and private banking | −0.65 | < 0.001 | 85.29% of 34 | 34.41% of 93 | 23 | −0.76 | † | 0.999 |
| Investment banking (advisory and capital-markets origination) | −0.53 | < 0.001 | 89.80% of 49 | 33.33% of 39 | 19 | −0.58 | † | 0.919 |
| Insurance (life, property and casualty, health) | −0.78 | < 0.001 | 95.24% of 21 | 30.43% of 46 | 14 | −0.85 | † | 0.999 |
| Commercial and business banking | −0.43 | < 0.001 | 66.67% of 15 | 42.59% of 54 | 13 | −0.54 | † | 0.825 |
| Payments and merchant acquiring (networks, acquiring, processing) | −0.76 | < 0.001 | 95.45% of 22 | 26.83% of 41 | 13 | −0.91 | † | 1.000 |
| Credit card and payments issuing | −0.72 | < 0.001 | 81.82% of 33 | 28.57% of 35 | 12 | −0.87 | † | 0.999 |
| Retail and consumer banking | −0.65 | < 0.001 | 71.43% of 14 | 32.65% of 49 | 12 | −0.72 | † | 0.964 |
| Markets and trading (sales and trading, global markets) | −0.70 | < 0.001 | 100.00% of 11 | 33.33% of 42 | 11 | −0.86 | † | 0.997 |
| Private equity and private capital | −0.74 | < 0.001 | 91.67% of 12 | 41.67% of 24 | 9 | ‡ | ‡ | |
| Process family | ||||||||
| Corporate and back-office functions | −0.69 | < 0.001 | 88.89% of 81 | 37.50% of 128 | 47 | −0.77 | −0.87 to −0.62 | 1.000 |
| Technology engineering and operations | −0.64 | < 0.001 | 87.50% of 48 | 32.85% of 137 | 35 | −0.69 | −0.83 to −0.46 | 0.999 |
| Client servicing and communications | −0.51 | < 0.001 | 87.80% of 41 | 44.44% of 45 | 16 | −0.78 | † | 0.996 |
| Trade, settlement and reconciliation | −0.70 | < 0.001 | 97.06% of 34 | 40.54% of 37 | 15 | −0.87 | † | 1.000 |
| Payments, cards and disputes | −0.60 | < 0.001 | 70.59% of 17 | 17.65% of 51 | 12 | −0.71 | † | 0.959 |
| Credit, underwriting and suitability | −0.37 | 0.009 | ‡ n = 5 | 37.21% of 43 | 9 | ‡ | ‡ | |
| Regulatory, audit, tax and legal | −0.63 | < 0.001 | 100.00% of 10 | 54.55% of 33 | 9 | ‡ | ‡ | |
| Financial crime and client onboarding | −0.57 | < 0.001 | 93.33% of 15 | 39.13% of 23 | 7 | ‡ | ‡ | |
| Class of work | ||||||||
| LOB Operational | −0.62 | < 0.001 | 89.63% of 135 | 37.17% of 269 | 76 | −0.73 | −0.82 to −0.60 | 1.000 |
| Corporate Functional | −0.69 | < 0.001 | 87.07% of 116 | 35.09% of 228 | 74 | −0.79 | −0.86 to −0.69 | 1.000 |
| Engagement status and lifecycle stage | ||||||||
| Active, Build-Out | −0.51 | < 0.001 | 46.15% of 26 | 19.05% of 126 | 31 | −0.58 | −0.77 to −0.28 | 0.966 |
| Active, Transition/Cut-Over | −0.60 | < 0.001 | 79.31% of 29 | 20.81% of 197 | 43 | −0.67 | −0.81 to −0.46 | 0.999 |
| Active, Production | −0.53 | < 0.001 | 43.75% of 16 | 19.18% of 73 | 20 | −0.64 | † | 0.968 |
| Canceled | −0.09 | 0.116 | 100.00% of 180 | 100.00% of 101 | 56 | −0.05 | −0.31 to 0.22 | 0.028 |
| Respondent role | ||||||||
| Individual Contributor | −0.65 | < 0.001 | 89.55% of 201 | 36.89% of 366 | 150 | −0.75 | −0.82 to −0.68 | 1.000 |
| Engagement Manager | −0.65 | < 0.001 | 84.09% of 44 | 35.85% of 106 | 150 | −0.65 | −0.73 to −0.55 | 1.000 |
| Portfolio Director | −0.54 | 0.002 | ‡ n = 6 | 29.17% of 24 | 30 | −0.59 | −0.78 to −0.29 | 0.971 |
| Customer Management Executive | ‡ n = 1 | |||||||
| Vendor type | ||||||||
| IT services major | −0.63 | < 0.001 | 88.10% of 84 | 38.19% of 199 | 59 | −0.75 | −0.84 to −0.61 | 1.000 |
| BPO specialist | −0.64 | < 0.001 | 85.71% of 77 | 37.37% of 99 | 37 | −0.74 | −0.86 to −0.55 | 1.000 |
| Consulting firm | −0.66 | < 0.001 | 96.43% of 28 | 28.57% of 70 | 23 | −0.76 | † | 0.999 |
| Boutique or specialist provider | −0.67 | < 0.001 | 85.00% of 20 | 48.15% of 54 | 17 | −0.78 | † | 0.997 |
| Pure-play agentic AI firm | −0.74 | < 0.001 | 100.00% of 22 | 19.57% of 46 | 14 | −0.83 | † | 0.998 |
| Not reported, recovered by engagement | −0.56 | < 0.001 | 80.00% of 20 | 41.38% of 29 | 40 | −0.51 | −0.71 to −0.24 | 0.941 |
Respondents who gave higher ratings reported lower intent to leave (r = −0.65, 95% CI −0.69 to −0.61, Holm p < 0.001, n = 748 respondents). The association held after Holm correction in thirty-six of the 37 segment levels tested.
Comparison of Associations Across the Four Measures
| Measure | Form | Unit | n | r | 95% CI | p | Equivalent to zero | Rank among the four |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Cancellation rate | Descriptive contrast | Engagement | 150 | −0.64 | −0.73 to −0.54 | < 0.001 | No | 4 |
| Customer satisfaction | Clean estimate | Engagement | 94 | 0.71 | 0.59 to 0.80 | < 0.001 | No | 2 |
| Engagement indicator mean | Leave-one-out | Engagement | 150 | 0.88 | 0.84 to 0.91 | < 0.001 | No | 1 |
| Intent to leave | Respondent level, clustered | Respondent | 748 | −0.65 | −0.71 to −0.59 | < 0.001 | No | 3 |
| Pair compared | Difference in r | Steiger z | p | Holm p | Reading |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Cancellation rate and customer satisfaction | −0.12 | −5.75 | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | Differed |
| Cancellation rate and engagement indicator mean | −0.24 | −7.26 | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | Differed |
| Cancellation rate and intent to leave | −0.11 | −3.05 | 0.002 | 0.005 | Differed |
| Customer satisfaction and engagement indicator mean | −0.12 | −5.46 | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | Differed |
| Customer satisfaction and intent to leave | 0.01 | 0.36 | 0.721 | 0.721 | Did not differ |
| Engagement indicator mean and intent to leave | 0.13 | 5.53 | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | Differed |
The four associations were compared in pairs on their engagement-level forms, each oriented so that a higher value is the better outcome, across the 150 engagements with all four measures. After Holm correction, five of the six pairs differed. The association with the engagement indicator mean was the strongest and the association with cancellation the weakest. The associations with customer satisfaction and intent to leave did not differ (Holm p = 0.721).
Clustering and Effective Sample Size
| Statistic | Value | Reading |
|---|---|---|
| Clusters (engagements) | 150 | Engagements with one or more answers. |
| Mean respondents per engagement | 5.3 | Answers per engagement, among engagements with one or more answers. |
| ICC(1) | 0.64 | Share of the variance that lies between engagements. |
| Design effect | 3.78 | One plus the product of the ICC and the mean cluster size less one. |
| Nominal respondent n | 796 | Respondents who answered. |
| Effective n | 211 | Nominal n divided by the design effect. |
| Cluster bootstrap applied | Yes | Applied to every respondent-level interval where the ICC is 0.05 or above. |
Answers clustered within engagements (ICC 0.64). Clustering reduced the 796 respondent answers to the equivalent of about 211 independent answers. Respondent-level intervals therefore used the cluster bootstrap. Respondent-level tests of intent to leave used standard errors that allow for clustering by engagement.
Equivalence Tests of Null Results
| Measure | n | r | Equivalence bound | TOST p, lower | TOST p, upper | Equivalent to zero | Achieved power | MDE at power 0.80 | Detection floor for this n |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Cancellation rate | 150 | −0.64 | |r| < 0.30 | 1.000 | < 0.001 | No | 0.96 | 0.23 | 0.23 |
| Customer satisfaction | 94 | 0.71 | |r| < 0.30 | < 0.001 | 1.000 | No | 0.84 | 0.29 | 0.23 |
| Engagement indicator mean | 150 | 0.88 | |r| < 0.30 | < 0.001 | 1.000 | No | 0.96 | 0.23 | 0.23 |
| Intent to leave | 748, effective 198 | −0.65 | |r| < 0.30 | 1.000 | < 0.001 | No | 0.99 | 0.20 | 0.23 |
No association was equivalent to zero. Each of the four differed from zero. The detection floor shown is the study floor at 150 engagements. Intent to leave was tested on its effective sample size.
Robustness Checks
| Check | Measure | Primary r | Check r | 95% CI | Change | Conclusion holds |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Rank correlation in place of Pearson | Cancellation rate | −0.64 | −0.66 | a | −0.02 | Yes |
| Rank correlation in place of Pearson | Customer satisfaction | 0.71 | 0.70 | a | −0.01 | Yes |
| Rank correlation in place of Pearson | Engagement indicator mean | 0.88 | 0.88 | a | 0.00 | Yes |
| Rank correlation in place of Pearson | Intent to leave | −0.65 | −0.65 | a | 0.00 | Yes |
| Non-answers excluded, then imputed at the engagement mean | Intent to leave | −0.65 | −0.66 | a | −0.01 | Yes |
| Active engagements only | Engagement indicator mean | 0.88 | 0.84 | 0.77 to 0.89 | −0.04 | Yes |
| Active engagements only | Intent to leave | −0.65 | −0.55 | −0.61 to −0.49 | 0.10 | Yes |
| Most influential engagement removed (largest Cook's distance) | Cancellation rate | −0.64 | −0.65 | −0.73 to −0.54 | 0.00 | Yes |
| Most influential engagement removed (largest Cook's distance) | Customer satisfaction | 0.71 | 0.73 | 0.61 to 0.81 | 0.02 | Yes |
| Most influential engagement removed (largest Cook's distance) | Engagement indicator mean | 0.88 | 0.88 | 0.84 to 0.91 | 0.00 | Yes |
| Most influential engagement removed (largest Cook's distance) | Intent to leave | −0.65 | −0.65 | −0.69 to −0.61 | 0.00 | Yes |
| Engagements weighted by respondent count | Cancellation rate | −0.64 | −0.64 | a | 0.00 | Yes |
| Engagements weighted by respondent count | Customer satisfaction | 0.71 | 0.70 | a | −0.01 | Yes |
| Engagements weighted by respondent count | Engagement indicator mean | 0.88 | 0.88 | a | −0.01 | Yes |
| Bootstrap of engagements | Cancellation rate | −0.64 | −0.64 | −0.72 to −0.55 | 0.00 | Yes |
| Bootstrap of engagements | Customer satisfaction | 0.71 | 0.71 | 0.60 to 0.80 | 0.00 | Yes |
| Bootstrap of engagements | Engagement indicator mean | 0.88 | 0.88 | 0.84 to 0.91 | 0.00 | Yes |
| Bootstrap of engagements | Intent to leave | −0.65 | −0.65 | −0.71 to −0.59 | 0.00 | Yes |
| Thin-base segments removed | Cancellation rate | −0.64 | −0.63 | −0.74 to −0.47 | 0.02 | Yes |
| Thin-base segments removed | Customer satisfaction | 0.71 | 0.72 | 0.56 to 0.83 | 0.01 | Yes |
| Thin-base segments removed | Engagement indicator mean | 0.88 | 0.89 | 0.83 to 0.93 | 0.00 | Yes |
| Thin-base segments removed | Intent to leave | −0.65 | −0.67 | −0.72 to −0.61 | −0.01 | Yes |
Each change was computed before rounding and may differ by 0.01 from the difference between the two printed values.
All 22 checks held. A check holds when its test falls on the same side of 0.05 as the primary test. Where the primary test falls below 0.05, the check must also keep the sign of the primary correlation. The thin-base check removes the engagements in any level of outsourcing model or process family with fewer than 30 engagements. Institution type is not used for that check, because every one of its levels has fewer than 30 engagements.
Measure Independence and Part-Whole Correction
Each of the four measures was computed from data the indicator does not contain. Each result is therefore a finding and not an arithmetic consequence. The indicator is one of the rated indicators, and the engagement indicator mean was recomputed without it. The correction changed r by 0.00, from 0.88 to 0.88.
Comparison with the Study Norm
| Measure | The indicator, oriented r | Study median, oriented r | Deviation | Fisher z | p | Holm p |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Cancellation rate | 0.64 | 0.60 | 0.04 | 0.87 | 0.383 | 0.932 |
| Customer satisfaction | 0.76 | 0.72 | 0.04 | 1.01 | 0.311 | 0.932 |
| Engagement indicator mean | 0.88 | 0.84 | 0.04 | 2.10 | 0.036 | 0.145 |
| Intent to leave | 0.75 | 0.71 | 0.04 | 0.97 | 0.330 | 0.932 |
| Spread of deviations | 0.01 | |||||
| Verdict | Typical |
Each deviation was computed before rounding and may differ by 0.01 from the difference between the two printed values.
The comparison covered 150 engagements. The indicator followed the study's typical pattern on all four measures, and no deviation held after Holm correction.
Co-Occurring Indicators and Themes
The responses also addressed seven other indicators, most often C187 and C196. The most frequent theme was tacit knowledge lost to automation, recorded in seven of the nine responses.
Interpretation of the Data
About a third of all ratings of how deliberately quiet human fixes were replaced with explicit checks fell in the distressed range (267 of 796 answers, 33.54%). The rating was associated with all four study measures, and every association held under each of the 22 robustness checks. Canceled engagements rated far below the three active stages (mean 3.1, n = 302 respondents).
Written responses were voluntary. They recorded what the respondents who wrote reported, and how common it was is measured by the ratings. The few respondents who wrote described a control lost in the handover from people to agents, with the deprovisioning case showing that the loss could leave access open. The written evidence rests on nine responses, a base of anecdote strength.
Limitations
The evidence is the reported experience of the vendor's delivery teams, collected in a single cross-section. The associations reported here are not causal.
Tests by respondent role and by vendor type treated respondents as independent. The section on clustering reports how far clustering within engagements reduced the information in respondent-level figures.
Customer management executives gave 2 answers, a base of anecdote strength.
Counts of written responses describe the respondents who wrote and not the study set of respondents. With nine responses, the written evidence supports counts only and no statistic.
Definitions
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Response scale | Ratings run from 1 to 10, from the worst outcome a respondent can report to the best. |
| Distressed | A rating of 3 or below. At engagement level, an engagement mean of 3 or below. |
| Answering base | Respondents who gave a rating from 1 to 10. |
| Non-answers | “I do not know” and “I prefer to not answer” are counted separately and excluded from the mean. |
| Indicator class | Respondent level: a value recorded for each respondent and computed across the respondents who answered. |
| Failure category | One of the five failure categories of the Study Taxonomy. The indicator belongs to third-party ecosystem. |
| Engagement indicator mean | The mean of an engagement's ratings on the rated indicators. The indicator is one of the rated indicators, so the mean is recomputed without it wherever the two are compared. |
| Written response | A written answer about the respondent's own engagement that addresses the indicator. Non-answers and answers about another engagement are excluded. |
| Primary and secondary | A primary response answered the written-answer question of the indicator's survey section. A secondary response answered a question in another section and addressed the indicator in its content. |
| Written sentiment score | Each written response carries one of five scores: −10, −5, neutral, +5 or +10. The sign records whether the response described the state of the indicator as harmful or helpful to the engagement. The magnitude records its strength. A score of −10 marks a statement of totality, constancy or serious harm. |
| Cluster bootstrap | An interval computed by resampling engagements rather than responses, so that the responses from one engagement stay together. |
| Anecdote strength | A base under 10, reported as counts only. |
Sources and Provenance
| Source | Value |
|---|---|
| Study data | Study Data.xlsx, Data sheet, column C192, sha256 219eba0457274d04 |
| Statistics engine | compute_statistics.py, sha256 738319eef764602b |
| Statistics record | Computed Statistics.json, record C192, sha256 1ae50a3637fc9370 |
| Computed | October 13, 2026, 04:57 UTC |
| Template | Indicator Template v2, version 2.0 of 10 October 2026 |
| Figures placed by script | 2,854 |
| Written responses | Quotes Master.jsonl, sha256 27da38085e2b13fd |
| Written sentiment scores | Quote Coding Rulebook, version 0.6, with section 21 |
| Written-response computation | qa_stats.py, sha256 74a61f3a96169da9. wfacts.py, sha256 b85fae20adf812a1. build_indicator.py, sha256 a97ad6e74627e11e |
| Written-response records | C192.qa.json, sha256 695713336c6cb146. C192.wfacts.json, sha256 a20c131b0c6c4a48. Hand-written text handcraft/C192.json, sha256 e162b46dced414db |
