Rate the quality of the tools' logs, traces, and usage telemetry for detecting and diagnosing failures
Indicator C176 · By Phil Hatch · Akholi · October 9, 2026
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27 sectionsIndicator Specification
| Field | Value |
|---|---|
| Indicator code | C176 |
| Question as asked | Rate the quality of the tools' logs, traces, and usage telemetry for detecting and diagnosing failures. |
| Failure category | AI technology |
| Place in the survey | Challenge Deep Dive > 5.4 AI > Maturity and Observability |
| Indicator class | Respondent level |
| Indicator type | Rated, POS |
| Response scale | 1 to 10, higher is the better outcome |
| Answering base | 796 of 850 respondents, across 150 of 150 engagements |
| Non-answers | I do not know 0, I prefer to not answer 0, blank 54 |
| Written responses addressing the indicator | 101 responses from 97 respondents on 73 engagements (80 primary, 21 secondary) |
Summary of Findings
| Measure | Form | n | r | 95% CI | p |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Cancellation rate | Descriptive contrast | 150 engagements | −0.65 | −0.73 to −0.55 | < 0.001 |
| Customer satisfaction | Clean estimate | 94 engagements | 0.66 | 0.52 to 0.76 | < 0.001 |
| Engagement indicator mean | Leave-one-out | 150 engagements | 0.85 | 0.79 to 0.89 | < 0.001 |
| Intent to leave | Respondent level, clustered | 749 respondents | −0.63 | −0.69 to −0.57 | < 0.001 |
The mean rating was 4.6 and the median 5.0 (n = 796 respondents). Ratings of 3 or below, the distressed range, made up 32.04% of the answers. The rating was associated with all four study measures. Higher ratings came with less cancellation (r = −0.65, 95% CI −0.73 to −0.55, p < 0.001, n = 150 engagements), higher customer satisfaction among active engagements (r = 0.66, 95% CI 0.52 to 0.76, p < 0.001, n = 94 engagements), a higher engagement indicator mean computed without the indicator (r = 0.85, 95% CI 0.79 to 0.89, p < 0.001, n = 150 engagements) and lower intent to leave (r = −0.63, cluster bootstrap 95% CI −0.69 to −0.57, p < 0.001 with standard errors clustered by engagement, n = 749 respondents). After Holm correction, ratings differed by engagement status and lifecycle stage (Welch F 44.03, Holm p < 0.001, omega squared 0.410), respondent role (Welch F 5.25, Holm p = 0.037, omega squared 0.011) and vendor type (Welch F 4.99, Holm p = 0.001, omega squared 0.024).
Of the 101 written responses, 82 were negative and 18 positive, and 44 carried the strongest negative score of −10. Respondents described logs that showed a start and a finish, or a result, and nothing of the steps between, so that failures had to be reconstructed by hand. Engagements with a negative written response were canceled more often, a more negative engagement mean written score came with cancellation, and respondents whose written responses were more negative reported higher intent to leave.
Distribution of Ratings
| Answer | Respondents | Share of answered (base 796) | Cumulative share | Engagements with at least one | Share of 150 engagements | Distressed |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 65 | 8.17% | 8.17% | 41 | 27.33% | Yes |
| 2 | 62 | 7.79% | 15.95% | 40 | 26.67% | Yes |
| 3 | 128 | 16.08% | 32.04% | 73 | 48.67% | Yes |
| 4 | 139 | 17.46% | 49.50% | 86 | 57.33% | No |
| 5 | 150 | 18.84% | 68.34% | 89 | 59.33% | No |
| 6 | 102 | 12.81% | 81.16% | 69 | 46.00% | No |
| 7 | 75 | 9.42% | 90.58% | 49 | 32.67% | No |
| 8 | 58 | 7.29% | 97.86% | 35 | 23.33% | No |
| 9 | 9 | 1.13% | 98.99% | 7 | 4.67% | No |
| 10 | 8 | 1.01% | 100.00% | 7 | 4.67% | No |
| I do not know | 0 | Not in base | Not in base | 0 | 0.00% | Not applicable |
| I prefer to not answer | 0 | Not in base | Not in base | 0 | 0.00% | Not applicable |
| Answered, total | 796 | 100.00% | 150 | 100.00% |
| Engagement level summary | Engagements | Mean of engagement means | SD | Min | Median | Max | Engagements with a distressed mean | Share of engagements distressed |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Engagement means, goodness view | 150 | 4.6 | 1.7 | 1.5 | 4.3 | 8.6 | 36 | 24.00% |
Ratings of 3 or below, the distressed range, accounted for 255 of the 796 answers (32.04%). The engagement mean fell in the distressed range in 36 of 150 engagements.
Coverage and Origin of Written Responses
| Origin | Responses | Respondents | Engagements | Negative | Strongest negative (−10) | Positive | Mean written score |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Primary | 80 | 80 | 63 | 62 of 80 (77.50%) | 33 of 80 (41.25%) | 17 of 80 (21.25%) | −4.8 |
| Secondary | 21 | 21 | 18 | 20 of 21 (95.24%) | 11 of 21 (52.38%) | 1 of 21 (4.76%) | −7.1 |
| All responses | 101 | 97 | 73 | 82 of 101 (81.19%) | 44 of 101 (43.56%) | 18 of 101 (17.82%) | −5.2 |
The primary responses numbered 80, all written in answer to C177, “Add any comments on the agentic AI tools that the ratings in this section do not capture.” The remaining 21 responses, 20.79% of the total, were secondary and came from 6 other questions. That secondary share ranked 34th from the highest among the 71 Part 2 indicators with 30 or more written responses, against a median of 18.92%. Respondents who wrote both a primary and a secondary response numbered 4. Negative responses made up 77.50% of primary responses (62 of 80) and 95.24% of secondary responses (20 of 21).
Twenty responses described logs or traces that recorded only the request, the final state or the result: a start time and an end time and nothing between, an action without the reason or the content the agent had read, a step marked finished on a load that was half missing, only the last of several runs kept, and an audit trail that held the agent's final output but not its intermediate steps. Twenty-one responses described no logs at all, or nothing useful in them, when something went wrong. One respondent said the platform should have been stopped on that ground alone, and another, on a pre-production engagement, said the gap was tolerable there and would not be in production.
Ten responses described work redone or a run reconstructed by hand because the trace could not show what happened: two days rebuilding a release from the team's own notes, the sequence of a failed access request rebuilt before the respondent could answer the financial institution, a whole batch or posting redone, and a run rebuilt by hand to show the error was not the respondent's own, a task that filled most of the respondent's week. Three respondents contrasted this with an earlier program where a failed run left a trace they could read. The responses to C055 added two practices that hid the gap: audit findings that could not be traced to an agent action logged as resolved with a generic note, and a curated weekly summary for the steering committee that smoothed over observability gaps the engineering team was raising internally.
The eighteen positive responses described logs good enough to find a failed step in minutes, several against an earlier engagement or the previous year, and one said a trace now ended disputes with the financial institution's operations lead. Several of these respondents rated logs well while placing their concern in drift, cost or false completion, and one said the trace existed but the team had no access to it.
Distribution of Written Sentiment
| Statistic | Value | Basis |
|---|---|---|
| Mean written score | −5.2 | 95% CI −6.3 to −4.1, cluster bootstrap by engagement, 10,000 draws, n = 101 responses |
| Median written score | −5.0 | n = 101 responses |
| Negative responses | 82 of 101 (81.19%) | 95% CI 73.33% to 88.57% of 101 responses, cluster bootstrap by engagement |
| Strongest negative responses (−10) | 44 of 101 (43.56%) | Statements of totality, constancy or serious harm |
| Positive responses | 18 of 101 (17.82%) | +5 or +10 |
| Net balance | −63.37 percentage points | Share positive minus share negative, base 101 responses |
| Respondent-level mean | −5.1 | Mean of each respondent's own mean written score, n = 97 respondents |
Of the 101 responses, 82 (81.19%, 95% CI 73.33% to 88.57%) were negative and 44 (43.56%) carried the strongest negative score of −10. Positive responses numbered 18 (17.82%), and 1 was neutral. The mean written score was −5.2 (95% CI −6.3 to −4.1, n = 101 responses), and the median was −5.0.
Correspondence Between Ratings and Written Sentiment
Of the 101 responses, 98 came from respondents who also rated the indicator. Among them, the written score rose with the rating (Spearman rho 0.53, 95% CI 0.37 to 0.67, p < 0.001, n = 98 responses). The written responses corroborated the rating. Of the 79 negative responses with a rating, 44 (55.70%) came from respondents whose rating was in the distressed range.
Rating Profile of Respondents Providing Written Responses
Respondents who wrote about the indicator and gave a rating numbered 94, with a mean rating of 4.0. The 702 respondents who rated the indicator without writing about it had a mean of 4.6. The difference, −0.6 (95% CI −1.1 to −0.1), excluded zero. Ratings in the distressed range made up 43.62% of the ratings from respondents who wrote (41 of 94) and 30.48% of the ratings from respondents who did not (214 of 702).
The respondents who wrote came disproportionately from the distressed end of the scale. The written evidence therefore gives more weight to the respondents who rated the indicator worst.
Descriptive Statistics by Segment
| Segment | Base | Answered | Answer rate | Engagements | Mean | 95% CI | SD |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Study set | 850 | 796 | 93.65% of 850 | 150 | 4.6 | 4.4 to 4.7 | 2.1 |
| Outsourcing model | |||||||
| CXM | 232 | 216 | 93.10% of 232 | 42 | 4.8 | 4.5 to 5.1 | 2.2 |
| ITO | 244 | 225 | 92.21% of 244 | 40 | 4.7 | 4.5 to 5.0 | 1.9 |
| BPO | 209 | 200 | 95.69% of 209 | 37 | 4.2 | 3.9 to 4.5 | 2.0 |
| KPO | 165 | 155 | 93.94% of 165 | 31 | 4.6 | 4.2 to 4.9 | 2.1 |
| Institution type | |||||||
| Asset management | 132 | 122 | 92.42% of 132 | 24 | 4.4 | 4.0 to 4.8 | 2.1 |
| Wealth management and private banking | 140 | 131 | 93.57% of 140 | 23 | 4.3 | 4.0 to 4.7 | 2.2 |
| Investment banking (advisory and capital-markets origination) | 105 | 97 | 92.38% of 105 | 19 | 4.6 | 4.2 to 5.0 | 1.9 |
| Insurance (life, property and casualty, health) | 78 | 76 | 97.44% of 78 | 14 | 4.7 | 4.2 to 5.3 | 2.3 |
| Commercial and business banking | 82 | 78 | 95.12% of 82 | 13 | 4.9 | 4.5 to 5.3 | 1.8 |
| Payments and merchant acquiring (networks, acquiring, processing) | 71 | 68 | 95.77% of 71 | 13 | 4.5 | 4.1 to 5.0 | 1.9 |
| Credit card and payments issuing | 73 | 70 | 95.89% of 73 | 12 | 4.1 | 3.7 to 4.6 | 1.9 |
| Retail and consumer banking | 73 | 68 | 93.15% of 73 | 12 | 4.5 | 4.0 to 5.1 | 2.2 |
| Markets and trading (sales and trading, global markets) | 57 | 48 | 84.21% of 57 | 11 | 5.4 | 4.8 to 6.1 | 2.2 |
| Private equity and private capital | 39 | 38 | 97.44% of 39 | 9 | 4.7 | 4.1 to 5.2 | 1.6 |
| Process family | |||||||
| Corporate and back-office functions | 248 | 231 | 93.15% of 248 | 47 | 4.5 | 4.3 to 4.8 | 2.2 |
| Technology engineering and operations | 204 | 192 | 94.12% of 204 | 35 | 5.0 | 4.8 to 5.3 | 1.9 |
| Client servicing and communications | 94 | 90 | 95.74% of 94 | 16 | 4.4 | 3.9 to 4.9 | 2.3 |
| Trade, settlement and reconciliation | 80 | 75 | 93.75% of 80 | 15 | 4.3 | 3.8 to 4.8 | 2.1 |
| Payments, cards and disputes | 73 | 69 | 94.52% of 73 | 12 | 4.5 | 4.1 to 4.9 | 1.6 |
| Credit, underwriting and suitability | 57 | 53 | 92.98% of 57 | 9 | 4.7 | 4.2 to 5.3 | 1.9 |
| Regulatory, audit, tax and legal | 51 | 47 | 92.16% of 51 | 9 | 4.2 | 3.5 to 4.9 | 2.3 |
| Financial crime and client onboarding | 43 | 39 | 90.70% of 43 | 7 | 3.9 | 3.4 to 4.4 | 1.6 |
| Class of work | |||||||
| LOB Operational | 451 | 424 | 94.01% of 451 | 76 | 4.4 | 4.2 to 4.6 | 2.1 |
| Corporate Functional | 399 | 372 | 93.23% of 399 | 74 | 4.8 | 4.5 to 5.0 | 2.1 |
| Engagement status and lifecycle stage | |||||||
| Active, Build-Out | 175 | 165 | 94.29% of 175 | 31 | 5.4 | 5.2 to 5.7 | 1.9 |
| Active, Transition/Cut-Over | 250 | 232 | 92.80% of 250 | 43 | 5.4 | 5.2 to 5.7 | 1.8 |
| Active, Production | 103 | 95 | 92.23% of 103 | 20 | 5.4 | 5.0 to 5.8 | 1.9 |
| Canceled | 322 | 304 | 94.41% of 322 | 56 | 3.2 | 3.0 to 3.4 | 1.6 |
| Respondent role | |||||||
| Individual Contributor | 667 | 615 | 92.20% of 667 | 150 | 4.5 | 4.3 to 4.6 | 2.1 |
| Engagement Manager | 150 | 150 | 100.00% of 150 | 150 | 4.8 | 4.5 to 5.1 | 2.0 |
| Portfolio Director | 31 | 30 | 96.77% of 31 | 30 | 5.5 | 4.8 to 6.3 | 2.1 |
| Customer Management Executive | 2 | 1 | 1 of 2 | 1 | ‡ | ||
| Vendor type | |||||||
| IT services major | 316 | 296 | 93.67% of 316 | 59 | 4.7 | 4.5 to 5.0 | 2.1 |
| BPO specialist | 198 | 188 | 94.95% of 198 | 37 | 4.3 | 3.9 to 4.6 | 2.2 |
| Consulting firm | 117 | 109 | 93.16% of 117 | 23 | 5.3 | 4.9 to 5.7 | 2.0 |
| Boutique or specialist provider | 87 | 82 | 94.25% of 87 | 17 | 4.4 | 4.0 to 4.8 | 1.7 |
| Pure-play agentic AI firm | 75 | 69 | 92.00% of 75 | 14 | 4.2 | 3.7 to 4.7 | 2.0 |
| Not reported, recovered by engagement | 57 | 52 | 91.23% of 57 | 43 | 4.1 | 3.6 to 4.6 | 1.8 |
| Segment | Min | Q1 | Median | Q3 | Max | Distressed n | Distressed % |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Study set | 1.0 | 3.0 | 5.0 | 6.0 | 10.0 | 255 | 32.04% |
| Outsourcing model | |||||||
| CXM | 1.0 | 3.0 | 5.0 | 6.0 | 10.0 | 66 | 30.56% |
| ITO | 1.0 | 3.0 | 5.0 | 6.0 | 9.0 | 58 | 25.78% |
| BPO | 1.0 | 3.0 | 4.0 | 5.0 | 10.0 | 75 | 37.50% |
| KPO | 1.0 | 3.0 | 4.0 | 6.0 | 10.0 | 56 | 36.13% |
| Institution type | |||||||
| Asset management | 1.0 | 3.0 | 4.0 | 6.0 | 9.0 | 47 | 38.52% |
| Wealth management and private banking | 1.0 | 3.0 | 4.0 | 6.0 | 10.0 | 52 | 39.69% |
| Investment banking (advisory and capital-markets origination) | 1.0 | 3.0 | 4.0 | 6.0 | 10.0 | 30 | 30.93% |
| Insurance (life, property and casualty, health) | 1.0 | 3.0 | 5.0 | 6.0 | 10.0 | 22 | 28.95% |
| Commercial and business banking | 1.0 | 4.0 | 5.0 | 6.0 | 10.0 | 15 | 19.23% |
| Payments and merchant acquiring (networks, acquiring, processing) | 1.0 | 3.0 | 4.0 | 6.0 | 8.0 | 23 | 33.82% |
| Credit card and payments issuing | 1.0 | 3.0 | 4.0 | 5.0 | 10.0 | 25 | 35.71% |
| Retail and consumer banking | 1.0 | 3.0 | 4.0 | 6.0 | 10.0 | 24 | 35.29% |
| Markets and trading (sales and trading, global markets) | 1.0 | 4.0 | 6.0 | 7.0 | 10.0 | 8 | 16.67% |
| Private equity and private capital | 1.0 | 4.0 | 5.0 | 6.0 | 8.0 | 9 | 23.68% |
| Process family | |||||||
| Corporate and back-office functions | 1.0 | 3.0 | 4.0 | 6.0 | 10.0 | 80 | 34.63% |
| Technology engineering and operations | 1.0 | 4.0 | 5.0 | 6.0 | 10.0 | 41 | 21.35% |
| Client servicing and communications | 1.0 | 3.0 | 4.0 | 6.0 | 10.0 | 36 | 40.00% |
| Trade, settlement and reconciliation | 1.0 | 3.0 | 4.0 | 5.0 | 10.0 | 31 | 41.33% |
| Payments, cards and disputes | 1.0 | 4.0 | 4.0 | 5.0 | 8.0 | 17 | 24.64% |
| Credit, underwriting and suitability | 1.0 | 4.0 | 5.0 | 6.0 | 8.0 | 13 | 24.53% |
| Regulatory, audit, tax and legal | 1.0 | 2.0 | 4.0 | 6.0 | 10.0 | 22 | 46.81% |
| Financial crime and client onboarding | 1.0 | 3.0 | 4.0 | 5.0 | 7.0 | 15 | 38.46% |
| Class of work | |||||||
| LOB Operational | 1.0 | 3.0 | 4.0 | 6.0 | 10.0 | 150 | 35.38% |
| Corporate Functional | 1.0 | 3.0 | 5.0 | 6.0 | 10.0 | 105 | 28.23% |
| Engagement status and lifecycle stage | |||||||
| Active, Build-Out | 1.0 | 4.0 | 5.0 | 7.0 | 10.0 | 21 | 12.73% |
| Active, Transition/Cut-Over | 1.0 | 4.0 | 5.0 | 7.0 | 10.0 | 31 | 13.36% |
| Active, Production | 1.0 | 4.0 | 5.0 | 7.0 | 9.0 | 17 | 17.89% |
| Canceled | 1.0 | 2.0 | 3.0 | 4.0 | 8.0 | 186 | 61.18% |
| Respondent role | |||||||
| Individual Contributor | 1.0 | 3.0 | 4.0 | 6.0 | 10.0 | 213 | 34.63% |
| Engagement Manager | 1.0 | 4.0 | 5.0 | 6.0 | 10.0 | 36 | 24.00% |
| Portfolio Director | 2.0 | 4.0 | 5.5 | 7.0 | 10.0 | 6 | 20.00% |
| Customer Management Executive | ‡ n = 1 | ||||||
| Vendor type | |||||||
| IT services major | 1.0 | 3.0 | 5.0 | 6.0 | 10.0 | 87 | 29.39% |
| BPO specialist | 1.0 | 3.0 | 4.0 | 5.0 | 10.0 | 73 | 38.83% |
| Consulting firm | 1.0 | 4.0 | 5.0 | 7.0 | 10.0 | 24 | 22.02% |
| Boutique or specialist provider | 1.0 | 3.0 | 4.0 | 5.8 | 8.0 | 22 | 26.83% |
| Pure-play agentic AI firm | 1.0 | 3.0 | 4.0 | 5.0 | 10.0 | 27 | 39.13% |
| Not reported, recovered by engagement | 1.0 | 3.0 | 4.0 | 5.0 | 8.0 | 22 | 42.31% |
Every figure in the segment tables is at respondent level. Segments with fewer than 30 respondents carry no interval. Segments with fewer than 10 report counts only.
Tests of Difference Between Segments
| Segment family | Welch F | df | p | Holm p | Omega squared | 90% CI |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Outsourcing model | 0.73 | 3, 78.2 | 0.537 | 1.000 | −0.005 | 0.000 to 0.044 |
| Institution type | 0.42 | 8, 49.4 | 0.905 | 1.000 | −0.033 | 0.000 to 0.016 |
| Process family | 0.73 | 4, 39.4 | 0.576 | 1.000 | −0.010 | 0.000 to 0.050 |
| Class of work | 1.54 | 1, 148.0 | 0.217 | 0.867 | 0.004 | 0.000 to 0.053 |
| Engagement status and lifecycle stage | 44.03 | 3, 56.3 | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | 0.410 | 0.315 to 0.497 |
| Respondent role | 5.25 | 2, 73.2 | 0.007 | 0.037 | 0.011 | 0.002 to 0.028 |
| Vendor type | 4.99 | 5, 234.4 | < 0.001 | 0.001 | 0.024 | 0.010 to 0.047 |
| Segment family | Kruskal-Wallis H | p | Distressed chi-square | df | p | Cramer's V | Levels excluded |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Outsourcing model | 2.78 | 0.427 | 4.33 | 3 | 0.228 | 0.17 | None |
| Institution type | 3.71 | 0.882 | 6.60 | 8 | 0.595, simulated | 0.22 | Private equity and private capital, n = 9 |
| Process family | 3.99 | 0.408 | 7.83 | 4 | 0.097, simulated | 0.25 | Credit, underwriting and suitability, n = 9, Regulatory, audit, tax and legal, n = 9, Financial crime and client onboarding, n = 7 |
| Class of work | 1.68 | 0.195 | 1.11 | 1 | 0.291 | 0.09 | None |
| Engagement status and lifecycle stage | 67.57 | < 0.001 | 54.75 | 3 | < 0.001, simulated | 0.60 | None |
| Respondent role | 9.79 | 0.007 | 8.35 | 2 | 0.015 | 0.10 | Customer Management Executive, n = 1 |
| Vendor type | 26.52 | < 0.001 | 15.10 | 5 | 0.010 | 0.14 | None |
Segment families recorded at engagement level were tested on engagement means. Respondent role and vendor type were tested on respondents. Where an expected count fell below 5, the test of the distressed share used Fisher's exact test for a two-by-two table, marked exact, or a Monte Carlo test, marked simulated. After Holm correction, ratings differed by engagement status and lifecycle stage (Welch F 44.03, Holm p < 0.001, omega squared 0.410). Active engagements in Build-Out rated highest (mean 5.4, n = 165 respondents) and canceled engagements lowest (mean 3.2, n = 304 respondents). Ratings also differed by respondent role (Welch F 5.25, Holm p = 0.037, omega squared 0.011). Portfolio directors rated highest (mean 5.5, n = 30 respondents) and individual contributors lowest (mean 4.5, n = 615 respondents). Ratings also differed by vendor type (Welch F 4.99, Holm p = 0.001, omega squared 0.024). Consulting firms rated highest (mean 5.3, n = 109 respondents) and pure-play agentic AI firms lowest (mean 4.2, n = 69 respondents). Outsourcing model, institution type, process family and class of work showed no difference.
Written Sentiment by Segment
| Segment | Responses | Respondents | Engagements | Mean written score | Negative | Strongest negative (−10) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Engagement status and lifecycle stage | ||||||
| Active, Build-Out | 19 | 19 | 16 | −3.4 | 13 of 19 (68.42%) | 7 of 19 (36.84%) |
| Active, Transition/Cut-Over | 20 | 20 | 15 | −4.3 | 16 of 20 (80.00%) | 5 of 20 (25.00%) |
| Active, Production | 10 | 10 | 7 | −1.0 | 6 of 10 (60.00%) | 1 of 10 (10.00%) |
| Canceled | 52 | 48 | 35 | −7.1 | 47 of 52 (90.38%) | 31 of 52 (59.62%) |
| Respondent role | ||||||
| Individual Contributor | 72 | 69 | 60 | −5.3 | 56 of 72 (77.78%) | 38 of 72 (52.78%) |
| Engagement Manager | 21 | 21 | 21 | −5.5 | 20 of 21 (95.24%) | 4 of 21 (19.05%) |
| Portfolio Director | 8 | 7 | 7 | ‡ | 6 of 8 | 2 of 8 |
| Customer Management Executive | 0 | 0 | 0 | No responses |
Written sentiment did not differ by engagement status and lifecycle stage across the 73 engagements with a written response (Kruskal-Wallis H 7.55, df 3, p = 0.056). Of the groups with 10 or more responses, responses from canceled engagements were the most negative (mean −7.1, 52 responses) and responses from active engagements in Production the least negative (mean −1.0, 10 responses).
No test across respondent roles was run, because fewer than two roles had 30 or more written responses. Individual contributors wrote 72, engagement managers wrote 21 and portfolio directors wrote 8 responses.
Association with Cancellation Rate
Cancellation rate is the share of engagements canceled by the study date, measured at engagement level (150 engagements, 56 canceled). Canceled engagements were rated after cancellation. The association is therefore a descriptive contrast and not a forecast of cancellation.
| Segment | Engagements | Canceled | Cancellation rate | Point-biserial r | 95% CI | p | Holm p |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Study set | 150 | 56 | 37.33% of 150 | −0.65 | −0.73 to −0.55 | < 0.001 | < 0.001 |
| Outsourcing model | |||||||
| CXM | 42 | 15 | 35.71% of 42 | −0.58 | −0.75 to −0.33 | < 0.001 | < 0.001 |
| ITO | 40 | 15 | 37.50% of 40 | −0.68 | −0.82 to −0.47 | < 0.001 | < 0.001 |
| BPO | 37 | 14 | 37.84% of 37 | −0.65 | −0.80 to −0.41 | < 0.001 | < 0.001 |
| KPO | 31 | 12 | 38.71% of 31 | −0.75 | −0.87 to −0.54 | < 0.001 | < 0.001 |
| Institution type | |||||||
| Asset management | 24 | 13 | 54.17% of 24 | −0.84 | † | < 0.001 | < 0.001 |
| Wealth management and private banking | 23 | 8 | 34.78% of 23 | −0.68 | † | < 0.001 | 0.004 |
| Investment banking (advisory and capital-markets origination) | 19 | 9 | 47.37% of 19 | −0.45 | † | 0.053 | 0.159 |
| Insurance (life, property and casualty, health) | 14 | 5 | 35.71% of 14 | −0.67 | † | 0.009 | 0.054 |
| Commercial and business banking | 13 | 4 | 30.77% of 13 | −0.61 | † | 0.028 | 0.111 |
| Payments and merchant acquiring (networks, acquiring, processing) | 13 | 3 | 23.08% of 13 | −0.63 | † | 0.021 | 0.105 |
| Credit card and payments issuing | 12 | 5 | 41.67% of 12 | −0.51 | † | 0.089 | 0.177 |
| Retail and consumer banking | 12 | 4 | 33.33% of 12 | −0.83 | † | < 0.001 | 0.008 |
| Markets and trading (sales and trading, global markets) | 11 | 3 | 27.27% of 11 | −0.83 | † | 0.002 | 0.012 |
| Private equity and private capital | 9 | 2 | 2 of 9 | ‡ | |||
| Process family | |||||||
| Corporate and back-office functions | 47 | 19 | 40.43% of 47 | −0.61 | −0.76 to −0.39 | < 0.001 | < 0.001 |
| Technology engineering and operations | 35 | 10 | 28.57% of 35 | −0.65 | −0.81 to −0.41 | < 0.001 | < 0.001 |
| Client servicing and communications | 16 | 9 | 56.25% of 16 | −0.66 | † | 0.006 | 0.039 |
| Trade, settlement and reconciliation | 15 | 8 | 53.33% of 15 | −0.78 | † | < 0.001 | 0.005 |
| Payments, cards and disputes | 12 | 2 | 16.67% of 12 | −0.49 | † | 0.102 | 0.177 |
| Credit, underwriting and suitability | 9 | 1 | 1 of 9 | ‡ | |||
| Regulatory, audit, tax and legal | 9 | 4 | 4 of 9 | ‡ | |||
| Financial crime and client onboarding | 7 | 3 | 3 of 7 | ‡ | |||
| Class of work | |||||||
| LOB Operational | 76 | 30 | 39.47% of 76 | −0.68 | −0.78 to −0.53 | < 0.001 | < 0.001 |
| Corporate Functional | 74 | 26 | 35.14% of 74 | −0.62 | −0.74 to −0.46 | < 0.001 | < 0.001 |
| Engagement status and lifecycle stage | |||||||
| Active, Build-Out | 31 | 0 | 0.00% of 31 | a | |||
| Active, Transition/Cut-Over | 43 | 0 | 0.00% of 43 | a | |||
| Active, Production | 20 | 0 | 0.00% of 20 | a | |||
| Canceled | 56 | 56 | 100.00% of 56 | a |
| Segment | Odds ratio per point | 95% CI | AUC | Rate, distressed engagements | Rate, other engagements | Fisher p | TOST p |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Study set | 0.23 | 0.15 to 0.37 | 0.90 | 88.89% of 36 | 21.05% of 114 | < 0.001 | 1.000 |
| Outsourcing model | |||||||
| CXM | 0.33 | 0.16 to 0.68 | 0.87 | 80.00% of 10 | 21.88% of 32 | 0.002 | 0.986 |
| ITO | 0.12 | 0.03 to 0.49 | 0.91 | 6 of 6 | 26.47% of 34 | 0.001 | 0.999 |
| BPO | 0.16 | 0.05 to 0.53 | 0.92 | 84.62% of 13 | 12.50% of 24 | < 0.001 | 0.997 |
| KPO | 0.15 | 0.04 to 0.59 | 0.95 | 7 of 7 | 20.83% of 24 | < 0.001 | 1.000 |
| Institution type | |||||||
| Asset management | 0.00 | † n = 24 | 0.99 | 9 of 9 | 26.67% of 15 | < 0.001 | 1.000 |
| Wealth management and private banking | 0.28 | † n = 23 | 0.90 | 7 of 8 | 6.67% of 15 | < 0.001 | 0.990 |
| Investment banking (advisory and capital-markets origination) | 0.42 | † n = 19 | 0.79 | 2 of 3 | 43.75% of 16 | 0.582 | 0.759 |
| Insurance (life, property and casualty, health) | 0.21 | † n = 14 | 0.93 | 2 of 3 | 27.27% of 11 | 0.505 | 0.951 |
| Commercial and business banking | 0.28 | † n = 13 | 0.89 | 2 of 2 | 18.18% of 11 | 0.077 | 0.894 |
| Payments and merchant acquiring (networks, acquiring, processing) | 0.09 | † n = 13 | 1.00 | 2 of 2 | 9.09% of 11 | 0.038 | 0.914 |
| Credit card and payments issuing | 0.26 | † n = 12 | 0.80 | 2 of 2 | 30.00% of 10 | 0.152 | 0.779 |
| Retail and consumer banking | 0.19 | † n = 12 | 1.00 | 4 of 4 | 0 of 8 | 0.002 | 0.995 |
| Markets and trading (sales and trading, global markets) | 0.23 | † n = 11 | 1.00 | 2 of 2 | 1 of 9 | 0.055 | 0.994 |
| Private equity and private capital | ‡ n = 9 | ||||||
| Process family | |||||||
| Corporate and back-office functions | 0.33 | 0.17 to 0.63 | 0.86 | 78.57% of 14 | 24.24% of 33 | < 0.001 | 0.996 |
| Technology engineering and operations | 0.13 | 0.03 to 0.56 | 0.91 | 4 of 4 | 19.35% of 31 | 0.004 | 0.996 |
| Client servicing and communications | 0.36 | † n = 16 | 0.85 | 5 of 6 | 40.00% of 10 | 0.145 | 0.958 |
| Trade, settlement and reconciliation | 0.11 | † n = 15 | 0.98 | 5 of 5 | 30.00% of 10 | 0.026 | 0.995 |
| Payments, cards and disputes | 0.03 | † n = 12 | 0.95 | 1 of 1 | 9.09% of 11 | 0.167 | 0.757 |
| Credit, underwriting and suitability | ‡ n = 9 | ||||||
| Regulatory, audit, tax and legal | ‡ n = 9 | ||||||
| Financial crime and client onboarding | ‡ n = 7 | ||||||
| Class of work | |||||||
| LOB Operational | 0.20 | 0.10 to 0.41 | 0.92 | 95.24% of 21 | 18.18% of 55 | < 0.001 | 1.000 |
| Corporate Functional | 0.26 | 0.14 to 0.48 | 0.88 | 80.00% of 15 | 23.73% of 59 | < 0.001 | 1.000 |
| Engagement status and lifecycle stage | |||||||
| Active, Build-Out | a | ||||||
| Active, Transition/Cut-Over | a | ||||||
| Active, Production | a | ||||||
| Canceled | a |
Across the study set, higher ratings came with less cancellation (r = −0.65, 95% CI −0.73 to −0.55, Holm p < 0.001, n = 150 engagements). The association held after Holm correction in fourteen of the 20 segment levels tested.
Association with Customer Satisfaction
Customer satisfaction is the percentage recorded against each engagement. The primary estimate uses the 94 active engagements. A descriptive contrast uses all 150 engagements.
| Segment | Active engagements | Clean r | 95% CI | p | Holm p | Spearman rho | p |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Study set | 94 | 0.66 | 0.52 to 0.76 | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | 0.66 | < 0.001 |
| Outsourcing model | |||||||
| CXM | 27 | 0.76 | † | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | 0.78 | < 0.001 |
| ITO | 25 | 0.46 | † | 0.020 | 0.061 | 0.45 | 0.024 |
| BPO | 23 | 0.72 | † | < 0.001 | 0.001 | 0.76 | < 0.001 |
| KPO | 19 | 0.80 | † | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | 0.77 | < 0.001 |
| Institution type | |||||||
| Asset management | 11 | 0.26 | † | 0.447 | 0.447 | 0.29 | 0.391 |
| Wealth management and private banking | 15 | 0.61 | † | 0.015 | 0.059 | 0.60 | 0.018 |
| Investment banking (advisory and capital-markets origination) | 10 | 0.77 | † | 0.009 | 0.052 | 0.52 | 0.125 |
| Insurance (life, property and casualty, health) | 9 | ‡ | |||||
| Commercial and business banking | 9 | ‡ | |||||
| Payments and merchant acquiring (networks, acquiring, processing) | 10 | 0.86 | † | 0.001 | 0.010 | 0.86 | 0.001 |
| Credit card and payments issuing | 7 | ‡ | |||||
| Retail and consumer banking | 8 | ‡ | |||||
| Markets and trading (sales and trading, global markets) | 8 | ‡ | |||||
| Private equity and private capital | 7 | ‡ | |||||
| Process family | |||||||
| Corporate and back-office functions | 28 | 0.67 | † | < 0.001 | 0.001 | 0.68 | < 0.001 |
| Technology engineering and operations | 25 | 0.44 | † | 0.027 | 0.061 | 0.41 | 0.040 |
| Client servicing and communications | 7 | ‡ | |||||
| Trade, settlement and reconciliation | 7 | ‡ | |||||
| Payments, cards and disputes | 10 | 0.78 | † | 0.007 | 0.051 | 0.55 | 0.097 |
| Credit, underwriting and suitability | 8 | ‡ | |||||
| Regulatory, audit, tax and legal | 5 | ‡ | |||||
| Financial crime and client onboarding | 4 | ‡ | |||||
| Class of work | |||||||
| LOB Operational | 46 | 0.77 | 0.62 to 0.87 | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | 0.78 | < 0.001 |
| Corporate Functional | 48 | 0.53 | 0.30 to 0.71 | < 0.001 | 0.001 | 0.52 | < 0.001 |
| Engagement status and lifecycle stage | |||||||
| Active, Build-Out | 31 | 0.64 | 0.37 to 0.81 | < 0.001 | 0.001 | 0.65 | < 0.001 |
| Active, Transition/Cut-Over | 43 | 0.76 | 0.60 to 0.86 | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | 0.73 | < 0.001 |
| Active, Production | 20 | 0.56 | † | 0.011 | 0.055 | 0.56 | 0.010 |
| Canceled | 0 | a |
| Segment | Slope, points per rating point | 95% CI | R squared | TOST p | All engagements | Descriptive r | p |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Study set | 5.28 | 4.02 to 6.54 | 0.43 | 1.000 | 150 | 0.76 | < 0.001 |
| Outsourcing model | |||||||
| CXM | 5.76 | † n = 27 | 0.58 | 1.000 | 42 | 0.75 | < 0.001 |
| ITO | 4.40 | † n = 25 | 0.21 | 0.812 | 40 | 0.70 | < 0.001 |
| BPO | 4.92 | † n = 23 | 0.53 | 0.997 | 37 | 0.77 | < 0.001 |
| KPO | 7.53 | † n = 19 | 0.64 | 0.999 | 31 | 0.88 | < 0.001 |
| Institution type | |||||||
| Asset management | 1.96 | † n = 11 | 0.07 | 0.447 | 24 | 0.84 | < 0.001 |
| Wealth management and private banking | 3.85 | † n = 15 | 0.38 | 0.921 | 23 | 0.75 | < 0.001 |
| Investment banking (advisory and capital-markets origination) | 5.69 | † n = 10 | 0.60 | 0.971 | 19 | 0.63 | 0.004 |
| Insurance (life, property and casualty, health) | ‡ n = 9 | ||||||
| Commercial and business banking | ‡ n = 9 | ||||||
| Payments and merchant acquiring (networks, acquiring, processing) | 8.41 | † n = 10 | 0.74 | 0.996 | 13 | 0.86 | < 0.001 |
| Credit card and payments issuing | ‡ n = 7 | ||||||
| Retail and consumer banking | ‡ n = 8 | ||||||
| Markets and trading (sales and trading, global markets) | ‡ n = 8 | ||||||
| Private equity and private capital | ‡ n = 7 | ||||||
| Process family | |||||||
| Corporate and back-office functions | 4.87 | † n = 28 | 0.45 | 0.994 | 47 | 0.74 | < 0.001 |
| Technology engineering and operations | 4.23 | † n = 25 | 0.20 | 0.781 | 35 | 0.70 | < 0.001 |
| Client servicing and communications | ‡ n = 7 | ||||||
| Trade, settlement and reconciliation | ‡ n = 7 | ||||||
| Payments, cards and disputes | 6.75 | † n = 10 | 0.62 | 0.976 | 12 | 0.73 | 0.007 |
| Credit, underwriting and suitability | ‡ n = 8 | ||||||
| Regulatory, audit, tax and legal | ‡ n = 5 | ||||||
| Financial crime and client onboarding | ‡ n = 4 | ||||||
| Class of work | |||||||
| LOB Operational | 7.02 | 5.25 to 8.79 | 0.59 | 1.000 | 76 | 0.80 | < 0.001 |
| Corporate Functional | 3.73 | 1.98 to 5.48 | 0.29 | 0.973 | 74 | 0.71 | < 0.001 |
| Engagement status and lifecycle stage | |||||||
| Active, Build-Out | 3.94 | 2.14 to 5.74 | 0.41 | 0.991 | 31 | 0.64 | < 0.001 |
| Active, Transition/Cut-Over | 7.44 | 5.43 to 9.44 | 0.58 | 1.000 | 43 | 0.76 | < 0.001 |
| Active, Production | 4.17 | † | 0.31 | 0.904 | 20 | 0.56 | 0.011 |
| Canceled | a |
Across the active engagements, higher ratings came with higher customer satisfaction (r = 0.66, 95% CI 0.52 to 0.76, Holm p < 0.001, n = 94 engagements). The association held after Holm correction in nine of the 16 segment levels tested.
Association with the Engagement Indicator Mean
The engagement indicator mean is the mean of an engagement's ratings across the rated indicators, measured at engagement level (150 engagements). The indicator is one of the rated indicators. Each comparison therefore uses the mean recomputed without it.
| Segment | Engagements | Leave-one-out r | 95% CI | p | Holm p | Spearman rho | p |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Study set | 150 | 0.85 | 0.79 to 0.89 | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | 0.84 | < 0.001 |
| Outsourcing model | |||||||
| CXM | 42 | 0.89 | 0.80 to 0.94 | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | 0.89 | < 0.001 |
| ITO | 40 | 0.76 | 0.59 to 0.87 | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | 0.77 | < 0.001 |
| BPO | 37 | 0.82 | 0.68 to 0.90 | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | 0.80 | < 0.001 |
| KPO | 31 | 0.89 | 0.77 to 0.94 | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | 0.86 | < 0.001 |
| Institution type | |||||||
| Asset management | 24 | 0.87 | † | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | 0.84 | < 0.001 |
| Wealth management and private banking | 23 | 0.91 | † | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | 0.90 | < 0.001 |
| Investment banking (advisory and capital-markets origination) | 19 | 0.81 | † | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | 0.77 | < 0.001 |
| Insurance (life, property and casualty, health) | 14 | 0.92 | † | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | 0.95 | < 0.001 |
| Commercial and business banking | 13 | 0.84 | † | < 0.001 | 0.001 | 0.90 | < 0.001 |
| Payments and merchant acquiring (networks, acquiring, processing) | 13 | 0.90 | † | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | 0.91 | < 0.001 |
| Credit card and payments issuing | 12 | 0.84 | † | < 0.001 | 0.001 | 0.71 | 0.010 |
| Retail and consumer banking | 12 | 0.89 | † | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | 0.90 | < 0.001 |
| Markets and trading (sales and trading, global markets) | 11 | 0.90 | † | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | 0.93 | < 0.001 |
| Private equity and private capital | 9 | ‡ | |||||
| Process family | |||||||
| Corporate and back-office functions | 47 | 0.85 | 0.75 to 0.92 | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | 0.80 | < 0.001 |
| Technology engineering and operations | 35 | 0.74 | 0.54 to 0.86 | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | 0.71 | < 0.001 |
| Client servicing and communications | 16 | 0.93 | † | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | 0.93 | < 0.001 |
| Trade, settlement and reconciliation | 15 | 0.88 | † | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | 0.91 | < 0.001 |
| Payments, cards and disputes | 12 | 0.79 | † | 0.002 | 0.002 | 0.66 | 0.018 |
| Credit, underwriting and suitability | 9 | ‡ | |||||
| Regulatory, audit, tax and legal | 9 | ‡ | |||||
| Financial crime and client onboarding | 7 | ‡ | |||||
| Class of work | |||||||
| LOB Operational | 76 | 0.88 | 0.81 to 0.92 | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | 0.88 | < 0.001 |
| Corporate Functional | 74 | 0.82 | 0.72 to 0.88 | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | 0.80 | < 0.001 |
| Engagement status and lifecycle stage | |||||||
| Active, Build-Out | 31 | 0.74 | 0.52 to 0.87 | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | 0.74 | < 0.001 |
| Active, Transition/Cut-Over | 43 | 0.77 | 0.61 to 0.87 | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | 0.79 | < 0.001 |
| Active, Production | 20 | 0.80 | † | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | 0.79 | < 0.001 |
| Canceled | 56 | 0.50 | 0.27 to 0.67 | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | 0.36 | 0.006 |
| Segment | r with indicator included | Change in r | Slope | 95% CI | R squared | TOST p | Equivalent |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Study set | 0.85 | 0.00 | 0.74 | 0.67 to 0.82 | 0.72 | 1.000 | No |
| Outsourcing model | |||||||
| CXM | 0.89 | 0.00 | 0.82 | 0.68 to 0.95 | 0.79 | 1.000 | No |
| ITO | 0.76 | 0.00 | 0.68 | 0.49 to 0.87 | 0.58 | 1.000 | No |
| BPO | 0.83 | 0.00 | 0.64 | 0.49 to 0.79 | 0.67 | 1.000 | No |
| KPO | 0.89 | 0.00 | 0.80 | 0.64 to 0.96 | 0.78 | 1.000 | No |
| Institution type | |||||||
| Asset management | 0.87 | 0.00 | 0.77 | † n = 24 | 0.75 | 1.000 | No |
| Wealth management and private banking | 0.91 | 0.00 | 0.72 | † n = 23 | 0.83 | 1.000 | No |
| Investment banking (advisory and capital-markets origination) | 0.81 | 0.00 | 0.61 | † n = 19 | 0.65 | 0.999 | No |
| Insurance (life, property and casualty, health) | 0.93 | 0.00 | 0.73 | † n = 14 | 0.85 | 1.000 | No |
| Commercial and business banking | 0.84 | 0.00 | 0.83 | † n = 13 | 0.70 | 0.998 | No |
| Payments and merchant acquiring (networks, acquiring, processing) | 0.90 | 0.00 | 0.86 | † n = 13 | 0.81 | 1.000 | No |
| Credit card and payments issuing | 0.85 | 0.00 | 0.73 | † n = 12 | 0.71 | 0.997 | No |
| Retail and consumer banking | 0.89 | 0.00 | 0.72 | † n = 12 | 0.79 | 1.000 | No |
| Markets and trading (sales and trading, global markets) | 0.90 | 0.00 | 0.74 | † n = 11 | 0.81 | 1.000 | No |
| Private equity and private capital | ‡ n = 9 | ||||||
| Process family | |||||||
| Corporate and back-office functions | 0.86 | 0.00 | 0.74 | 0.60 to 0.88 | 0.73 | 1.000 | No |
| Technology engineering and operations | 0.74 | −0.01 | 0.68 | 0.46 to 0.90 | 0.54 | 1.000 | No |
| Client servicing and communications | 0.93 | 0.00 | 0.78 | † n = 16 | 0.87 | 1.000 | No |
| Trade, settlement and reconciliation | 0.89 | 0.00 | 0.67 | † n = 15 | 0.78 | 1.000 | No |
| Payments, cards and disputes | 0.80 | 0.00 | 0.75 | † n = 12 | 0.63 | 0.990 | No |
| Credit, underwriting and suitability | ‡ n = 9 | ||||||
| Regulatory, audit, tax and legal | ‡ n = 9 | ||||||
| Financial crime and client onboarding | ‡ n = 7 | ||||||
| Class of work | |||||||
| LOB Operational | 0.88 | 0.00 | 0.78 | 0.68 to 0.88 | 0.77 | 1.000 | No |
| Corporate Functional | 0.82 | 0.00 | 0.72 | 0.60 to 0.83 | 0.67 | 1.000 | No |
| Engagement status and lifecycle stage | |||||||
| Active, Build-Out | 0.75 | −0.01 | 0.50 | 0.33 to 0.67 | 0.55 | 1.000 | No |
| Active, Transition/Cut-Over | 0.78 | 0.00 | 0.72 | 0.53 to 0.91 | 0.60 | 1.000 | No |
| Active, Production | 0.81 | 0.00 | 0.71 | † n = 20 | 0.64 | 0.999 | No |
| Canceled | 0.51 | −0.01 | 0.33 | 0.17 to 0.49 | 0.25 | 0.959 | No |
Higher ratings came with a higher engagement indicator mean (r = 0.85, 95% CI 0.79 to 0.89, Holm p < 0.001, n = 150 engagements). The association held after Holm correction in twenty-four of the 24 segment levels tested.
Association with Intent to Leave
Intent to leave is the answer to C019, “How likely are you to leave your current job in the next 12 months?”, rated 1 to 10. It is measured at respondent level on up to 798 respondents, with the engagement-level form reported alongside.
| Segment | Respondents | r | 95% CI | Cluster bootstrap 95% CI | p | Holm p |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Study set | 749 | −0.63 | −0.67 to −0.59 | −0.69 to −0.57 | < 0.001 | < 0.001 |
| Outsourcing model | ||||||
| CXM | 202 | −0.64 | −0.72 to −0.56 | −0.74 to −0.51 | < 0.001 | < 0.001 |
| ITO | 216 | −0.55 | −0.63 to −0.45 | −0.64 to −0.45 | < 0.001 | < 0.001 |
| BPO | 187 | −0.66 | −0.73 to −0.57 | −0.75 to −0.54 | < 0.001 | < 0.001 |
| KPO | 144 | −0.72 | −0.79 to −0.63 | −0.81 to −0.59 | < 0.001 | < 0.001 |
| Institution type | ||||||
| Asset management | 114 | −0.62 | −0.72 to −0.49 | −0.75 to −0.46 | < 0.001 | < 0.001 |
| Wealth management and private banking | 123 | −0.63 | −0.72 to −0.51 | −0.77 to −0.43 | < 0.001 | < 0.001 |
| Investment banking (advisory and capital-markets origination) | 92 | −0.52 | −0.65 to −0.35 | −0.68 to −0.27 | < 0.001 | < 0.001 |
| Insurance (life, property and casualty, health) | 69 | −0.76 | −0.84 to −0.64 | −0.85 to −0.62 | < 0.001 | < 0.001 |
| Commercial and business banking | 72 | −0.62 | −0.74 to −0.45 | −0.75 to −0.43 | < 0.001 | < 0.001 |
| Payments and merchant acquiring (networks, acquiring, processing) | 66 | −0.71 | −0.82 to −0.57 | −0.83 to −0.52 | < 0.001 | < 0.001 |
| Credit card and payments issuing | 68 | −0.55 | −0.70 to −0.36 | −0.78 to −0.19 | < 0.001 | < 0.001 |
| Retail and consumer banking | 62 | −0.83 | −0.89 to −0.73 | −0.89 to −0.71 | < 0.001 | < 0.001 |
| Markets and trading (sales and trading, global markets) | 46 | −0.74 | −0.85 to −0.58 | −0.80 to −0.57 | < 0.001 | < 0.001 |
| Private equity and private capital | 37 | −0.52 | −0.72 to −0.23 | § n = 9 | 0.001 | 0.003 |
| Process family | ||||||
| Corporate and back-office functions | 211 | −0.69 | −0.75 to −0.61 | −0.77 to −0.58 | < 0.001 | < 0.001 |
| Technology engineering and operations | 184 | −0.54 | −0.64 to −0.43 | −0.64 to −0.43 | < 0.001 | < 0.001 |
| Client servicing and communications | 86 | −0.62 | −0.73 to −0.47 | −0.78 to −0.26 | < 0.001 | < 0.001 |
| Trade, settlement and reconciliation | 70 | −0.70 | −0.80 to −0.55 | −0.80 to −0.54 | < 0.001 | < 0.001 |
| Payments, cards and disputes | 66 | −0.56 | −0.71 to −0.37 | −0.77 to −0.26 | < 0.001 | < 0.001 |
| Credit, underwriting and suitability | 49 | −0.79 | −0.88 to −0.66 | § n = 9 | < 0.001 | < 0.001 |
| Regulatory, audit, tax and legal | 45 | −0.81 | −0.89 to −0.68 | § n = 9 | < 0.001 | < 0.001 |
| Financial crime and client onboarding | 38 | −0.60 | −0.77 to −0.35 | § n = 7 | < 0.001 | < 0.001 |
| Class of work | ||||||
| LOB Operational | 399 | −0.64 | −0.69 to −0.58 | −0.72 to −0.54 | < 0.001 | < 0.001 |
| Corporate Functional | 350 | −0.63 | −0.69 to −0.56 | −0.70 to −0.55 | < 0.001 | < 0.001 |
| Engagement status and lifecycle stage | ||||||
| Active, Build-Out | 157 | −0.51 | −0.61 to −0.38 | −0.68 to −0.29 | < 0.001 | < 0.001 |
| Active, Transition/Cut-Over | 220 | −0.56 | −0.64 to −0.46 | −0.68 to −0.39 | < 0.001 | < 0.001 |
| Active, Production | 88 | −0.51 | −0.65 to −0.33 | −0.71 to −0.27 | < 0.001 | < 0.001 |
| Canceled | 284 | −0.01 | −0.13 to 0.10 | −0.14 to 0.11 | 0.816 | 0.816 |
| Respondent role | ||||||
| Individual Contributor | 569 | −0.65 | −0.70 to −0.60 | −0.71 to −0.59 | < 0.001 | < 0.001 |
| Engagement Manager | 150 | −0.63 | −0.71 to −0.52 | −0.70 to −0.54 | < 0.001 | < 0.001 |
| Portfolio Director | 30 | −0.30 | −0.60 to 0.06 | −0.63 to 0.07 | 0.102 | 0.204 |
| Customer Management Executive | 0 | ‡ | ||||
| Vendor type | ||||||
| IT services major | 284 | −0.66 | −0.72 to −0.59 | −0.73 to −0.57 | < 0.001 | < 0.001 |
| BPO specialist | 174 | −0.65 | −0.73 to −0.55 | −0.75 to −0.49 | < 0.001 | < 0.001 |
| Consulting firm | 101 | −0.60 | −0.72 to −0.46 | −0.73 to −0.44 | < 0.001 | < 0.001 |
| Boutique or specialist provider | 75 | −0.65 | −0.77 to −0.50 | −0.79 to −0.42 | < 0.001 | < 0.001 |
| Pure-play agentic AI firm | 67 | −0.61 | −0.74 to −0.43 | −0.79 to −0.37 | < 0.001 | < 0.001 |
| Not reported, recovered by engagement | 48 | −0.60 | −0.76 to −0.38 | −0.80 to −0.36 | < 0.001 | < 0.001 |
| Segment | Spearman rho | p | Share at 7 or above, distressed | Share at 7 or above, other | Engagements | Engagement level r | 95% CI | TOST p |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Study set | −0.64 | < 0.001 | 90.72% of 237 | 36.91% of 512 | 150 | −0.74 | −0.80 to −0.66 | 1.000 |
| Outsourcing model | ||||||||
| CXM | −0.65 | < 0.001 | 80.33% of 61 | 27.66% of 141 | 42 | −0.75 | −0.86 to −0.57 | 1.000 |
| ITO | −0.57 | < 0.001 | 94.55% of 55 | 46.58% of 161 | 40 | −0.64 | −0.79 to −0.40 | 0.996 |
| BPO | −0.68 | < 0.001 | 92.86% of 70 | 33.33% of 117 | 37 | −0.77 | −0.88 to −0.59 | 1.000 |
| KPO | −0.71 | < 0.001 | 96.08% of 51 | 38.71% of 93 | 31 | −0.83 | −0.92 to −0.68 | 1.000 |
| Institution type | ||||||||
| Asset management | −0.65 | < 0.001 | 100.00% of 43 | 45.07% of 71 | 24 | −0.72 | † | 0.997 |
| Wealth management and private banking | −0.63 | < 0.001 | 83.33% of 48 | 26.67% of 75 | 23 | −0.74 | † | 0.998 |
| Investment banking (advisory and capital-markets origination) | −0.49 | < 0.001 | 89.66% of 29 | 57.14% of 63 | 19 | −0.52 | † | 0.856 |
| Insurance (life, property and casualty, health) | −0.77 | < 0.001 | 100.00% of 19 | 32.00% of 50 | 14 | −0.87 | † | 1.000 |
| Commercial and business banking | −0.66 | < 0.001 | 92.31% of 13 | 33.90% of 59 | 13 | −0.79 | † | 0.992 |
| Payments and merchant acquiring (networks, acquiring, processing) | −0.70 | < 0.001 | 86.96% of 23 | 30.23% of 43 | 13 | −0.83 | † | 0.997 |
| Credit card and payments issuing | −0.54 | < 0.001 | 86.96% of 23 | 37.78% of 45 | 12 | −0.76 | † | 0.979 |
| Retail and consumer banking | −0.85 | < 0.001 | 90.91% of 22 | 20.00% of 40 | 12 | −0.91 | † | 1.000 |
| Markets and trading (sales and trading, global markets) | −0.70 | < 0.001 | ‡ n = 8 | 31.58% of 38 | 11 | −0.91 | † | 1.000 |
| Private equity and private capital | −0.47 | 0.003 | ‡ | 53.57% of 28 | 9 | ‡ | ‡ | |
| Process family | ||||||||
| Corporate and back-office functions | −0.67 | < 0.001 | 91.55% of 71 | 39.29% of 140 | 47 | −0.78 | −0.87 to −0.64 | 1.000 |
| Technology engineering and operations | −0.57 | < 0.001 | 92.11% of 38 | 36.30% of 146 | 35 | −0.63 | −0.80 to −0.37 | 0.993 |
| Client servicing and communications | −0.52 | < 0.001 | 88.24% of 34 | 46.15% of 52 | 16 | −0.74 | † | 0.989 |
| Trade, settlement and reconciliation | −0.69 | < 0.001 | 100.00% of 29 | 51.22% of 41 | 15 | −0.80 | † | 0.997 |
| Payments, cards and disputes | −0.55 | < 0.001 | 62.50% of 16 | 20.00% of 50 | 12 | −0.69 | † | 0.948 |
| Credit, underwriting and suitability | −0.80 | < 0.001 | 92.31% of 13 | 27.78% of 36 | 9 | ‡ | ‡ | |
| Regulatory, audit, tax and legal | −0.82 | < 0.001 | 100.00% of 21 | 25.00% of 24 | 9 | ‡ | ‡ | |
| Financial crime and client onboarding | −0.58 | < 0.001 | 86.67% of 15 | 43.48% of 23 | 7 | ‡ | ‡ | |
| Class of work | ||||||||
| LOB Operational | −0.63 | < 0.001 | 90.85% of 142 | 35.80% of 257 | 76 | −0.75 | −0.83 to −0.63 | 1.000 |
| Corporate Functional | −0.64 | < 0.001 | 90.53% of 95 | 38.04% of 255 | 74 | −0.73 | −0.82 to −0.60 | 1.000 |
| Engagement status and lifecycle stage | ||||||||
| Active, Build-Out | −0.49 | < 0.001 | 63.16% of 19 | 18.84% of 138 | 31 | −0.53 | −0.74 to −0.22 | 0.931 |
| Active, Transition/Cut-Over | −0.54 | < 0.001 | 76.67% of 30 | 20.53% of 190 | 43 | −0.61 | −0.77 to −0.37 | 0.993 |
| Active, Production | −0.54 | < 0.001 | 50.00% of 16 | 16.67% of 72 | 20 | −0.55 | † | 0.895 |
| Canceled | −0.01 | 0.813 | 100.00% of 172 | 100.00% of 112 | 56 | 0.17 | −0.10 to 0.41 | 0.153 |
| Respondent role | ||||||||
| Individual Contributor | −0.66 | < 0.001 | 91.28% of 195 | 36.90% of 374 | 150 | −0.74 | −0.81 to −0.66 | 1.000 |
| Engagement Manager | −0.63 | < 0.001 | 91.67% of 36 | 36.84% of 114 | 150 | −0.63 | −0.71 to −0.52 | 1.000 |
| Portfolio Director | −0.30 | 0.108 | ‡ n = 6 | 37.50% of 24 | 30 | −0.30 | −0.60 to 0.06 | 0.510 |
| Customer Management Executive | ‡ n = 0 | |||||||
| Vendor type | ||||||||
| IT services major | −0.68 | < 0.001 | 91.76% of 85 | 37.19% of 199 | 59 | −0.76 | −0.85 to −0.63 | 1.000 |
| BPO specialist | −0.61 | < 0.001 | 92.19% of 64 | 38.18% of 110 | 37 | −0.77 | −0.88 to −0.60 | 1.000 |
| Consulting firm | −0.60 | < 0.001 | 90.48% of 21 | 40.00% of 80 | 23 | −0.69 | † | 0.992 |
| Boutique or specialist provider | −0.62 | < 0.001 | 86.36% of 22 | 43.40% of 53 | 17 | −0.79 | † | 0.998 |
| Pure-play agentic AI firm | −0.65 | < 0.001 | 88.46% of 26 | 21.95% of 41 | 14 | −0.67 | † | 0.952 |
| Not reported, recovered by engagement | −0.67 | < 0.001 | 89.47% of 19 | 31.03% of 29 | 40 | −0.57 | −0.75 to −0.32 | 0.981 |
Respondents who gave higher ratings reported lower intent to leave (r = −0.63, 95% CI −0.67 to −0.59, Holm p < 0.001, n = 749 respondents). The association held after Holm correction in thirty-five of the 37 segment levels tested.
Association of Written Sentiment with the Study Measures
| Comparison | With a negative response | Without a negative response | Test | Statistic | n | p |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Cancellation rate, engagements | 34 of 63 (53.97%) | 22 of 87 (25.29%) | Fisher exact | 150 | < 0.001 | |
| Customer satisfaction, active engagements | 66.10%, n = 29 | 63.20%, n = 65 | Welch t | 1.13 | 94 | 0.262 |
| Engagement mean written score and cancellation, engagements | Point-biserial r | −0.34 | 73 | 0.003 | ||
| Respondent mean written score and intent to leave, respondents | Spearman rho | −0.41 | 92 | < 0.001 |
Two comparisons set the engagements with at least one negative response against all other engagements. Of the 87 other engagements, 77 had no written response addressing the indicator. These two comparisons therefore do not isolate written sentiment. Of the 63 engagements with a negative response, 34 (53.97%) were canceled, against 22 of the 87 other engagements (25.29%). The difference reached significance (Fisher exact p < 0.001). Customer satisfaction among active engagements did not differ between the two groups (mean 66.10% on 29 engagements against 63.20% on 65, Welch t 1.13, p = 0.262).
Two correlations test written sentiment directly. Across the 73 engagements with a written response, a more negative engagement mean written score came with cancellation (point-biserial r −0.34, p = 0.003). Across 92 respondents, a more negative respondent mean written score came with higher intent to leave (Spearman rho −0.41, p < 0.001). Of the four comparisons, three reached significance at 0.05.
Comparison of Associations Across the Four Measures
| Measure | Form | Unit | n | r | 95% CI | p | Equivalent to zero | Rank among the four |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Cancellation rate | Descriptive contrast | Engagement | 150 | −0.65 | −0.73 to −0.55 | < 0.001 | No | 3 |
| Customer satisfaction | Clean estimate | Engagement | 94 | 0.66 | 0.52 to 0.76 | < 0.001 | No | 2 |
| Engagement indicator mean | Leave-one-out | Engagement | 150 | 0.85 | 0.79 to 0.89 | < 0.001 | No | 1 |
| Intent to leave | Respondent level, clustered | Respondent | 749 | −0.63 | −0.69 to −0.57 | < 0.001 | No | 4 |
| Pair compared | Difference in r | Steiger z | p | Holm p | Reading |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Cancellation rate and customer satisfaction | −0.11 | −5.30 | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | Differed |
| Cancellation rate and engagement indicator mean | −0.20 | −5.53 | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | Differed |
| Cancellation rate and intent to leave | −0.09 | −2.58 | 0.010 | 0.020 | Differed |
| Customer satisfaction and engagement indicator mean | −0.09 | −3.66 | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | Differed |
| Customer satisfaction and intent to leave | 0.02 | 0.63 | 0.528 | 0.528 | Did not differ |
| Engagement indicator mean and intent to leave | 0.10 | 4.02 | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | Differed |
The four associations were compared in pairs on their engagement-level forms, each oriented so that a higher value is the better outcome, across the 150 engagements with all four measures. After Holm correction, five of the six pairs differed. The association with the engagement indicator mean was the strongest and the association with intent to leave the weakest. The associations with customer satisfaction and intent to leave did not differ (Holm p = 0.528).
Clustering and Effective Sample Size
| Statistic | Value | Reading |
|---|---|---|
| Clusters (engagements) | 150 | Engagements with one or more answers. |
| Mean respondents per engagement | 5.3 | Answers per engagement, among engagements with one or more answers. |
| ICC(1) | 0.59 | Share of the variance that lies between engagements. |
| Design effect | 3.56 | One plus the product of the ICC and the mean cluster size less one. |
| Nominal respondent n | 796 | Respondents who answered. |
| Effective n | 224 | Nominal n divided by the design effect. |
| Cluster bootstrap applied | Yes | Applied to every respondent-level interval where the ICC is 0.05 or above. |
Answers clustered within engagements (ICC 0.59). Clustering reduced the 796 respondent answers to the equivalent of about 224 independent answers. Respondent-level intervals therefore used the cluster bootstrap. Respondent-level tests of intent to leave used standard errors that allow for clustering by engagement.
Equivalence Tests of Null Results
| Measure | n | r | Equivalence bound | TOST p, lower | TOST p, upper | Equivalent to zero | Achieved power | MDE at power 0.80 | Detection floor for this n |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Cancellation rate | 150 | −0.65 | |r| < 0.30 | 1.000 | < 0.001 | No | 0.96 | 0.23 | 0.23 |
| Customer satisfaction | 94 | 0.66 | |r| < 0.30 | < 0.001 | 1.000 | No | 0.84 | 0.29 | 0.23 |
| Engagement indicator mean | 150 | 0.85 | |r| < 0.30 | < 0.001 | 1.000 | No | 0.96 | 0.23 | 0.23 |
| Intent to leave | 749, effective 210 | −0.63 | |r| < 0.30 | 1.000 | < 0.001 | No | 0.99 | 0.19 | 0.23 |
No association was equivalent to zero. Each of the four differed from zero. The detection floor shown is the study floor at 150 engagements. Intent to leave was tested on its effective sample size.
Robustness Checks
| Check | Measure | Primary r | Check r | 95% CI | Change | Conclusion holds |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Rank correlation in place of Pearson | Cancellation rate | −0.65 | −0.67 | a | −0.02 | Yes |
| Rank correlation in place of Pearson | Customer satisfaction | 0.66 | 0.66 | a | 0.00 | Yes |
| Rank correlation in place of Pearson | Engagement indicator mean | 0.85 | 0.84 | a | 0.00 | Yes |
| Rank correlation in place of Pearson | Intent to leave | −0.63 | −0.64 | a | 0.00 | Yes |
| Non-answers excluded, then imputed at the engagement mean | Intent to leave | −0.63 | −0.63 | a | 0.00 | Yes |
| Active engagements only | Engagement indicator mean | 0.85 | 0.76 | 0.66 to 0.84 | −0.08 | Yes |
| Active engagements only | Intent to leave | −0.63 | −0.52 | −0.59 to −0.46 | 0.11 | Yes |
| Most influential engagement removed (largest Cook's distance) | Cancellation rate | −0.65 | −0.67 | −0.75 to −0.57 | −0.02 | Yes |
| Most influential engagement removed (largest Cook's distance) | Customer satisfaction | 0.66 | 0.68 | 0.55 to 0.77 | 0.02 | Yes |
| Most influential engagement removed (largest Cook's distance) | Engagement indicator mean | 0.85 | 0.85 | 0.79 to 0.89 | 0.00 | Yes |
| Most influential engagement removed (largest Cook's distance) | Intent to leave | −0.63 | −0.64 | −0.68 to −0.59 | 0.00 | Yes |
| Engagements weighted by respondent count | Cancellation rate | −0.65 | −0.65 | a | 0.00 | Yes |
| Engagements weighted by respondent count | Customer satisfaction | 0.66 | 0.66 | a | 0.00 | Yes |
| Engagements weighted by respondent count | Engagement indicator mean | 0.85 | 0.84 | a | 0.00 | Yes |
| Bootstrap of engagements | Cancellation rate | −0.65 | −0.65 | −0.73 to −0.56 | 0.00 | Yes |
| Bootstrap of engagements | Customer satisfaction | 0.66 | 0.65 | 0.54 to 0.75 | 0.00 | Yes |
| Bootstrap of engagements | Engagement indicator mean | 0.85 | 0.85 | 0.80 to 0.88 | 0.00 | Yes |
| Bootstrap of engagements | Intent to leave | −0.63 | −0.63 | −0.69 to −0.57 | 0.00 | Yes |
| Thin-base segments removed | Cancellation rate | −0.65 | −0.63 | −0.75 to −0.48 | 0.02 | Yes |
| Thin-base segments removed | Customer satisfaction | 0.66 | 0.59 | 0.38 to 0.74 | −0.07 | Yes |
| Thin-base segments removed | Engagement indicator mean | 0.85 | 0.82 | 0.73 to 0.88 | −0.03 | Yes |
| Thin-base segments removed | Intent to leave | −0.63 | −0.63 | −0.69 to −0.57 | 0.00 | Yes |
Each change was computed before rounding and may differ by 0.01 from the difference between the two printed values.
All 22 checks held. A check holds when its test falls on the same side of 0.05 as the primary test. Where the primary test falls below 0.05, the check must also keep the sign of the primary correlation. The thin-base check removes the engagements in any level of outsourcing model or process family with fewer than 30 engagements. Institution type is not used for that check, because every one of its levels has fewer than 30 engagements.
Measure Independence and Part-Whole Correction
Each of the four measures was computed from data the indicator does not contain. Each result is therefore a finding and not an arithmetic consequence. The indicator is one of the rated indicators, and the engagement indicator mean was recomputed without it. The correction changed r by 0.00, from 0.85 to 0.85.
Comparison with the Study Norm
| Measure | The indicator, oriented r | Study median, oriented r | Deviation | Fisher z | p | Holm p |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Cancellation rate | 0.65 | 0.60 | 0.05 | 1.05 | 0.296 | 1.000 |
| Customer satisfaction | 0.76 | 0.72 | 0.04 | 0.98 | 0.327 | 1.000 |
| Engagement indicator mean | 0.85 | 0.84 | 0.01 | 0.40 | 0.691 | 1.000 |
| Intent to leave | 0.74 | 0.71 | 0.03 | 0.76 | 0.447 | 1.000 |
| Spread of deviations | 0.04 | |||||
| Verdict | Typical |
Each deviation was computed before rounding and may differ by 0.01 from the difference between the two printed values.
The comparison covered 150 engagements. The indicator followed the study's typical pattern on all four measures, and no deviation held after Holm correction.
Comparison of Written Sentiment with Other Part 2 Indicators
Among the 71 Part 2 indicators with 30 or more written responses, the indicator's share of negative responses, 81.19%, ranked 34th from the highest, against a median of 80.82%. Its mean written score, −5.2, ranked 29th from the most negative, against a median of −4.7.
Co-Occurring Indicators and Themes
The indicator most often present in the same responses was C157, “Rate the factual reliability of the AI tools' outputs on this engagement before any human review.”, in 33 of the 101 responses (32.67%). C173, “Rate the tools' ability to explain and evidence how each output was produced, at the depth an audit requires.” (33 responses), C172, “Rate how accurately the tools' own reports of success or failure matched the actual outcomes of their work.” (12 responses), C168, “Rate how consistently the agents took only intended and authorized actions when operating connected tools and systems.” (11 responses) and C164, “Rate how reliably the tools retained instructions and constraints given earlier in long tasks and sessions.” (10 responses) followed.
The most frequent theme was “The scale or question does not fit”, in 9 responses (8.91%). The second was “Human rework absorbs the failure”, in 8 responses.
Interpretation of the Data
About a third of all ratings of the quality of the tools' logs, traces and telemetry fell in the distressed range (255 of 796 answers, 32.04%). The rating was associated with all four study measures, and every association held under each of the 22 robustness checks. Canceled engagements rated far below the three active stages (mean 3.2, n = 304 respondents).
The written evidence places the weakness between the request and the result. Telemetry that records only endpoints cannot locate a failure, so every failure becomes a manual reconstruction and every dispute a matter of recollection. Written sentiment was associated with cancellation in both engagement-level tests and with intent to leave.
Limitations
The evidence is the reported experience of the vendor's delivery teams, collected in a single cross-section. The associations reported here are not causal.
Tests by respondent role and by vendor type treated respondents as independent. The section on clustering reports how far clustering within engagements reduced the information in respondent-level figures.
Customer management executives gave 1 answers, a base of anecdote strength.
Shares of written sentiment are shares of responses and not of the study set of respondents. The written score takes five fixed values, so its mean and median are coarse. Responses clustered within engagements (101 responses on 73 engagements). Intervals for written sentiment therefore used a bootstrap by engagement.
Definitions
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Response scale | Ratings run from 1 to 10, from the worst outcome a respondent can report to the best. |
| Distressed | A rating of 3 or below. At engagement level, an engagement mean of 3 or below. |
| Answering base | Respondents who gave a rating from 1 to 10. |
| Non-answers | “I do not know” and “I prefer to not answer” are counted separately and excluded from the mean. |
| Indicator class | Respondent level: a value recorded for each respondent and computed across the respondents who answered. |
| Failure category | One of the five failure categories of the Study Taxonomy. The indicator belongs to AI technology. |
| Engagement indicator mean | The mean of an engagement's ratings on the rated indicators. The indicator is one of the rated indicators, so the mean is recomputed without it wherever the two are compared. |
| Written response | A written answer about the respondent's own engagement that addresses the indicator. Non-answers and answers about another engagement are excluded. |
| Primary and secondary | A primary response answered the written-answer question of the indicator's survey section. A secondary response answered a question in another section and addressed the indicator in its content. |
| Written sentiment score | Each written response carries one of five scores: −10, −5, neutral, +5 or +10. The sign records whether the response described the state of the indicator as harmful or helpful to the engagement. The magnitude records its strength. A score of −10 marks a statement of totality, constancy or serious harm. |
| Cluster bootstrap | An interval computed by resampling engagements rather than responses, so that the responses from one engagement stay together. |
Sources and Provenance
| Source | Value |
|---|---|
| Study data | Study Data.xlsx, Data sheet, column C176, sha256 219eba0457274d04 |
| Statistics engine | compute_statistics.py, sha256 738319eef764602b |
| Statistics record | Computed Statistics.json, record C176, sha256 1ae50a3637fc9370 |
| Computed | October 13, 2026, 04:57 UTC |
| Template | Indicator Template v2, version 2.0 of 10 October 2026 |
| Figures placed by script | 3,115 |
| Written responses | Quotes Master.jsonl, sha256 27da38085e2b13fd |
| Written sentiment scores | Quote Coding Rulebook, version 0.6, with section 21 |
| Written-response computation | qa_stats.py, sha256 74a61f3a96169da9. wfacts.py, sha256 b85fae20adf812a1. build_indicator.py, sha256 a97ad6e74627e11e |
| Written-response records | C176.qa.json, sha256 620f9545c6087ee3. C176.wfacts.json, sha256 4e51a77dd64e1d0f. Hand-written text handcraft/C176.json, sha256 66c26d4abe2b615e |
